Everything-claude-code rust-testing
Rust测试模式,包括单元测试、集成测试、异步测试、基于属性的测试、模拟和覆盖率。遵循TDD方法学。
install
source · Clone the upstream repo
git clone https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code
Claude Code · Install into ~/.claude/skills/
T=$(mktemp -d) && git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code "$T" && mkdir -p ~/.claude/skills && cp -r "$T/docs/zh-CN/skills/rust-testing" ~/.claude/skills/affaan-m-everything-claude-code-rust-testing-2e5d00 && rm -rf "$T"
manifest:
docs/zh-CN/skills/rust-testing/SKILL.mdsource content
Rust 测试模式
遵循 TDD 方法论编写可靠、可维护测试的全面 Rust 测试模式。
何时使用
- 编写新的 Rust 函数、方法或特征
- 为现有代码添加测试覆盖率
- 为性能关键代码创建基准测试
- 为输入验证实现基于属性的测试
- 在 Rust 项目中遵循 TDD 工作流
工作原理
- 识别目标代码 — 找到要测试的函数、特征或模块
- 编写测试 — 在
模块中使用#[cfg(test)]
,使用 rstest 进行参数化测试,或使用 proptest 进行基于属性的测试#[test] - 模拟依赖项 — 使用 mockall 来隔离被测单元
- 运行测试 (RED) — 验证测试是否按预期失败
- 实现 (GREEN) — 编写最少代码以通过测试
- 重构 — 改进代码同时保持测试通过
- 检查覆盖率 — 使用 cargo-llvm-cov,目标 80% 以上
Rust 的 TDD 工作流
RED-GREEN-REFACTOR 循环
RED → 先写一个失败的测试 GREEN → 编写最少代码使测试通过 REFACTOR → 重构代码,同时保持测试通过 REPEAT → 继续下一个需求
Rust 中的分步 TDD
// RED: Write test first, use todo!() as placeholder pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { todo!() } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn test_add() { assert_eq!(add(2, 3), 5); } } // cargo test → panics at 'not yet implemented'
// GREEN: Replace todo!() with minimal implementation pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { a + b } // cargo test → PASS, then REFACTOR while keeping tests green
单元测试
模块级测试组织
// src/user.rs pub struct User { pub name: String, pub email: String, } impl User { pub fn new(name: impl Into<String>, email: impl Into<String>) -> Result<Self, String> { let email = email.into(); if !email.contains('@') { return Err(format!("invalid email: {email}")); } Ok(Self { name: name.into(), email }) } pub fn display_name(&self) -> &str { &self.name } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn creates_user_with_valid_email() { let user = User::new("Alice", "alice@example.com").unwrap(); assert_eq!(user.display_name(), "Alice"); assert_eq!(user.email, "alice@example.com"); } #[test] fn rejects_invalid_email() { let result = User::new("Bob", "not-an-email"); assert!(result.is_err()); assert!(result.unwrap_err().contains("invalid email")); } }
断言宏
assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4); // Equality assert_ne!(2 + 2, 5); // Inequality assert!(vec![1, 2, 3].contains(&2)); // Boolean assert_eq!(value, 42, "expected 42 but got {value}"); // Custom message assert!((0.1_f64 + 0.2 - 0.3).abs() < f64::EPSILON); // Float comparison
错误与 Panic 测试
测试 Result
返回值
Result#[test] fn parse_returns_error_for_invalid_input() { let result = parse_config("}{invalid"); assert!(result.is_err()); // Assert specific error variant let err = result.unwrap_err(); assert!(matches!(err, ConfigError::ParseError(_))); } #[test] fn parse_succeeds_for_valid_input() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { let config = parse_config(r#"{"port": 8080}"#)?; assert_eq!(config.port, 8080); Ok(()) // Test fails if any ? returns Err }
测试 Panic
#[test] #[should_panic] fn panics_on_empty_input() { process(&[]); } #[test] #[should_panic(expected = "index out of bounds")] fn panics_with_specific_message() { let v: Vec<i32> = vec![]; let _ = v[0]; }
集成测试
文件结构
my_crate/ ├── src/ │ └── lib.rs ├── tests/ # 集成测试 │ ├── api_test.rs # 每个文件都是一个独立的测试二进制文件 │ ├── db_test.rs │ └── common/ # 共享测试工具 │ └── mod.rs
编写集成测试
// tests/api_test.rs use my_crate::{App, Config}; #[test] fn full_request_lifecycle() { let config = Config::test_default(); let app = App::new(config); let response = app.handle_request("/health"); assert_eq!(response.status, 200); assert_eq!(response.body, "OK"); }
异步测试
使用 Tokio
#[tokio::test] async fn fetches_data_successfully() { let client = TestClient::new().await; let result = client.get("/data").await; assert!(result.is_ok()); assert_eq!(result.unwrap().items.len(), 3); } #[tokio::test] async fn handles_timeout() { use std::time::Duration; let result = tokio::time::timeout( Duration::from_millis(100), slow_operation(), ).await; assert!(result.is_err(), "should have timed out"); }
测试组织模式
使用 rstest
进行参数化测试
rstestuse rstest::{rstest, fixture}; #[rstest] #[case("hello", 5)] #[case("", 0)] #[case("rust", 4)] fn test_string_length(#[case] input: &str, #[case] expected: usize) { assert_eq!(input.len(), expected); } // Fixtures #[fixture] fn test_db() -> TestDb { TestDb::new_in_memory() } #[rstest] fn test_insert(test_db: TestDb) { test_db.insert("key", "value"); assert_eq!(test_db.get("key"), Some("value".into())); }
测试辅助函数
#[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; /// Creates a test user with sensible defaults. fn make_user(name: &str) -> User { User::new(name, &format!("{name}@test.com")).unwrap() } #[test] fn user_display() { let user = make_user("alice"); assert_eq!(user.display_name(), "alice"); } }
使用 proptest
进行基于属性的测试
proptest基本属性测试
use proptest::prelude::*; proptest! { #[test] fn encode_decode_roundtrip(input in ".*") { let encoded = encode(&input); let decoded = decode(&encoded).unwrap(); assert_eq!(input, decoded); } #[test] fn sort_preserves_length(mut vec in prop::collection::vec(any::<i32>(), 0..100)) { let original_len = vec.len(); vec.sort(); assert_eq!(vec.len(), original_len); } #[test] fn sort_produces_ordered_output(mut vec in prop::collection::vec(any::<i32>(), 0..100)) { vec.sort(); for window in vec.windows(2) { assert!(window[0] <= window[1]); } } }
自定义策略
use proptest::prelude::*; fn valid_email() -> impl Strategy<Value = String> { ("[a-z]{1,10}", "[a-z]{1,5}") .prop_map(|(user, domain)| format!("{user}@{domain}.com")) } proptest! { #[test] fn accepts_valid_emails(email in valid_email()) { assert!(User::new("Test", &email).is_ok()); } }
使用 mockall
进行模拟
mockall基于特征的模拟
use mockall::{automock, predicate::eq}; #[automock] trait UserRepository { fn find_by_id(&self, id: u64) -> Option<User>; fn save(&self, user: &User) -> Result<(), StorageError>; } #[test] fn service_returns_user_when_found() { let mut mock = MockUserRepository::new(); mock.expect_find_by_id() .with(eq(42)) .times(1) .returning(|_| Some(User { id: 42, name: "Alice".into() })); let service = UserService::new(Box::new(mock)); let user = service.get_user(42).unwrap(); assert_eq!(user.name, "Alice"); } #[test] fn service_returns_none_when_not_found() { let mut mock = MockUserRepository::new(); mock.expect_find_by_id() .returning(|_| None); let service = UserService::new(Box::new(mock)); assert!(service.get_user(99).is_none()); }
文档测试
可执行的文档
/// Adds two numbers together. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use my_crate::add; /// /// assert_eq!(add(2, 3), 5); /// assert_eq!(add(-1, 1), 0); /// ``` pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { a + b } /// Parses a config string. /// /// # Errors /// /// Returns `Err` if the input is not valid TOML. /// /// ```no_run /// use my_crate::parse_config; /// /// let config = parse_config(r#"port = 8080"#).unwrap(); /// assert_eq!(config.port, 8080); /// ``` /// /// ```no_run /// use my_crate::parse_config; /// /// assert!(parse_config("}{invalid").is_err()); /// ``` pub fn parse_config(input: &str) -> Result<Config, ParseError> { todo!() }
使用 Criterion 进行基准测试
# Cargo.toml [dev-dependencies] criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["html_reports"] } [[bench]] name = "benchmark" harness = false
// benches/benchmark.rs use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion}; fn fibonacci(n: u64) -> u64 { match n { 0 | 1 => n, _ => fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2), } } fn bench_fibonacci(c: &mut Criterion) { c.bench_function("fib 20", |b| b.iter(|| fibonacci(black_box(20)))); } criterion_group!(benches, bench_fibonacci); criterion_main!(benches);
测试覆盖率
运行覆盖率
# Install: cargo install cargo-llvm-cov (or use taiki-e/install-action in CI) cargo llvm-cov # Summary cargo llvm-cov --html # HTML report cargo llvm-cov --lcov > lcov.info # LCOV format for CI cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 80 # Fail if below threshold
覆盖率目标
| 代码类型 | 目标 |
|---|---|
| 关键业务逻辑 | 100% |
| 公共 API | 90%+ |
| 通用代码 | 80%+ |
| 生成的 / FFI 绑定 | 排除 |
测试命令
cargo test # Run all tests cargo test -- --nocapture # Show println output cargo test test_name # Run tests matching pattern cargo test --lib # Unit tests only cargo test --test api_test # Integration tests only cargo test --doc # Doc tests only cargo test --no-fail-fast # Don't stop on first failure cargo test -- --ignored # Run ignored tests
最佳实践
应该做:
- 先写测试 (TDD)
- 使用
模块进行单元测试#[cfg(test)] - 测试行为,而非实现
- 使用描述性测试名称来解释场景
- 为了更好的错误信息,优先使用
而非assert_eq!assert! - 在返回
的测试中使用Result
以获得更清晰的错误输出? - 保持测试独立 — 没有共享的可变状态
不应该做:
- 在可以测试
时使用Result::is_err()#[should_panic] - 模拟所有内容 — 在可行时优先考虑集成测试
- 忽略不稳定的测试 — 修复或隔离它们
- 在测试中使用
— 使用通道、屏障或sleep()tokio::time::pause() - 跳过错误路径测试
CI 集成
# GitHub Actions test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable with: components: clippy, rustfmt - name: Check formatting run: cargo fmt --check - name: Clippy run: cargo clippy -- -D warnings - name: Run tests run: cargo test - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov - name: Coverage run: cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 80
记住:测试就是文档。它们展示了你的代码应如何使用。清晰编写并保持更新。