Policies and Authorization

Use Policies for per-model actions; use Gates for cross-cutting checks.

Commands

# Generate a policy
sail artisan make:policy PostPolicy --model=Post   # or: php artisan make:policy PostPolicy --model=Post

# Apply in routes (resource controllers)
Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);
// In controller constructor
$this->authorizeResource(Post::class, 'post');

# One-off checks
$this->authorize('update', $post);           // in controller
Gate::allows('manage-billing', $user);       // ad-hoc gate

Patterns

• Use resource policy methods:

  viewAny, view, create, update, delete, restore, forceDelete

• Prefer policy methods over inline checks; keeps controllers clean
• Register policies in

  AuthServiceProvider

• Use

  can

  middleware for quick route protection:

  ->middleware('can:update,post')

• In tests, assert

  actingAs($user)->get(...)->assertForbidden()

  for denied cases