Azure PostgreSQL for TypeScript (node-postgres)

Overview

This public intake copy packages

plugins/antigravity-awesome-skills-claude/skills/azure-postgres-ts

https://github.com/sickn33/antigravity-awesome-skills

Use it when the operator needs the upstream workflow, support files, and repository context to stay intact while the public validator and private enhancer continue their normal downstream flow.

This intake keeps the copied upstream files intact and uses

metadata.json

ORIGIN.md

Azure PostgreSQL for TypeScript (node-postgres) Connect to Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server using the pg (node-postgres) package with support for password and Microsoft Entra ID (passwordless) authentication.

Imported source sections that did not map cleanly to the public headings are still preserved below or in the support files. Notable imported sections: Environment Variables, Authentication, Pool with Entra ID Token Refresh, Error Handling, Connection String Format, Pool Events.

When to Use This Skill

Use this section as the trigger filter. It should make the activation boundary explicit before the operator loads files, runs commands, or opens a pull request.

• This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.
• Use when the request clearly matches the imported source intent: Connect to Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server from Node.js/TypeScript using the pg (node-postgres) package.
• Use when the operator should preserve upstream workflow detail instead of rewriting the process from scratch.
• Use when provenance needs to stay visible in the answer, PR, or review packet.
• Use when copied upstream references, examples, or scripts materially improve the answer.
• Use when the workflow should remain reviewable in the public intake repo before the private enhancer takes over.

Operating Table

metadata.json

ORIGIN.md

SKILL.md

SKILL.md

## Related Skills

Workflow

This workflow is intentionally editorial and operational at the same time. It keeps the imported source useful to the operator while still satisfying the public intake standards that feed the downstream enhancer flow.

1. `bash npm install pg @azure/identity npm install -D @types/pg ### 1.
2. Single Client Connection typescript import { Client } from "pg"; const client = new Client({ host: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLHOST, database: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLDATABASE, user: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLUSER, password: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLPASSWORD, port: 5432, ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true } }); try { await client.connect(); const result = await client.query("SELECT NOW() as currenttime"); console.log(result.rows[0].currenttime); } finally { await client.end(); // Always close connection } ### 2.
3. Connection Pool (Recommended for Production) typescript import { Pool } from "pg"; const pool = new Pool({ host: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLHOST, database: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLDATABASE, user: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLUSER, password: process.env.AZUREPOSTGRESQLPASSWORD, port: 5432, ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }, // Pool configuration max: 20, // Maximum connections in pool idleTimeoutMillis: 30000, // Close idle connections after 30s connectionTimeoutMillis: 10000 // Timeout for new connections }); // Query using pool (automatically acquires and releases connection) const result = await pool.query("SELECT FROM users WHERE id = $1", [userId]); // Explicit checkout for multiple queries const client = await pool.connect(); try { const res1 = await client.query("SELECT FROM users"); const res2 = await client.query("SELECT FROM orders"); } finally { client.release(); // Return connection to pool } // Cleanup on shutdown await pool.end(); ### 3.
4. Parameterized Queries (Prevent SQL Injection) typescript // ALWAYS use parameterized queries - never concatenate user input const userId = 123; const email = "user@example.com"; // Single parameter const result = await pool.query( "SELECT FROM users WHERE id = $1", [userId] ); // Multiple parameters const result = await pool.query( "INSERT INTO users (email, name, createdat) VALUES ($1, $2, NOW()) RETURNING ", [email, "John Doe"] ); // Array parameter const ids = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const result = await pool.query( "SELECT FROM users WHERE id = ANY($1::int[])", [ids] ); ### 4.
5. Transactions typescript const client = await pool.connect(); try { await client.query("BEGIN"); const userResult = await client.query( "INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1) RETURNING id", ["user@example.com"] ); const userId = userResult.rows[0].id; await client.query( "INSERT INTO orders (userid, total) VALUES ($1, $2)", [userId, 99.99] ); await client.query("COMMIT"); } catch (error) { await client.query("ROLLBACK"); throw error; } finally { client.release(); } ### 5.
6. Transaction Helper Function typescript async function withTransaction<T>( pool: Pool, fn: (client: PoolClient) => Promise<T> ): Promise<T> { const client = await pool.connect(); try { await client.query("BEGIN"); const result = await fn(client); await client.query("COMMIT"); return result; } catch (error) { await client.query("ROLLBACK"); throw error; } finally { client.release(); } } // Usage const order = await withTransaction(pool, async (client) => { const user = await client.query( "INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1) RETURNING ", ["user@example.com"] ); const order = await client.query( "INSERT INTO orders (userid, total) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING ", [user.rows[0].id, 99.99] ); return order.rows[0]; }); ### 6.
7. Typed Queries with TypeScript typescript import { Pool, QueryResult } from "pg"; interface User { id: number; email: string; name: string; createdat: Date; } // Type the query result const result: QueryResult<User> = await pool.query<User>( "SELECT FROM users WHERE id = $1", [userId] ); const user: User | undefined = result.rows[0]; // Type-safe insert async function createUser( pool: Pool, email: string, name: string ): Promise<User> { const result = await pool.query<User>( "INSERT INTO users (email, name) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING ", [email, name] ); return result.rows[0]; } `

Imported Workflow Notes

Imported: Installation

npm install pg @azure/identity
npm install -D @types/pg

Imported: Core Workflows

1. Single Client Connection

import { Client } from "pg";

const client = new Client({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
  password: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD,
  port: 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }
});

try {
  await client.connect();
  
  const result = await client.query("SELECT NOW() as current_time");
  console.log(result.rows[0].current_time);
} finally {
  await client.end();  // Always close connection
}

2. Connection Pool (Recommended for Production)

import { Pool } from "pg";

const pool = new Pool({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
  password: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD,
  port: 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true },
  
  // Pool configuration
  max: 20,                    // Maximum connections in pool
  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,   // Close idle connections after 30s
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 10000  // Timeout for new connections
});

// Query using pool (automatically acquires and releases connection)
const result = await pool.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1", [userId]);

// Explicit checkout for multiple queries
const client = await pool.connect();
try {
  const res1 = await client.query("SELECT * FROM users");
  const res2 = await client.query("SELECT * FROM orders");
} finally {
  client.release();  // Return connection to pool
}

// Cleanup on shutdown
await pool.end();

3. Parameterized Queries (Prevent SQL Injection)

// ALWAYS use parameterized queries - never concatenate user input
const userId = 123;
const email = "user@example.com";

// Single parameter
const result = await pool.query(
  "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1",
  [userId]
);

// Multiple parameters
const result = await pool.query(
  "INSERT INTO users (email, name, created_at) VALUES ($1, $2, NOW()) RETURNING *",
  [email, "John Doe"]
);

// Array parameter
const ids = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const result = await pool.query(
  "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ANY($1::int[])",
  [ids]
);

4. Transactions

const client = await pool.connect();

try {
  await client.query("BEGIN");
  
  const userResult = await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1) RETURNING id",
    ["user@example.com"]
  );
  const userId = userResult.rows[0].id;
  
  await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO orders (user_id, total) VALUES ($1, $2)",
    [userId, 99.99]
  );
  
  await client.query("COMMIT");
} catch (error) {
  await client.query("ROLLBACK");
  throw error;
} finally {
  client.release();
}

5. Transaction Helper Function

async function withTransaction<T>(
  pool: Pool,
  fn: (client: PoolClient) => Promise<T>
): Promise<T> {
  const client = await pool.connect();
  try {
    await client.query("BEGIN");
    const result = await fn(client);
    await client.query("COMMIT");
    return result;
  } catch (error) {
    await client.query("ROLLBACK");
    throw error;
  } finally {
    client.release();
  }
}

// Usage
const order = await withTransaction(pool, async (client) => {
  const user = await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1) RETURNING *",
    ["user@example.com"]
  );
  const order = await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO orders (user_id, total) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING *",
    [user.rows[0].id, 99.99]
  );
  return order.rows[0];
});

6. Typed Queries with TypeScript

import { Pool, QueryResult } from "pg";

interface User {
  id: number;
  email: string;
  name: string;
  created_at: Date;
}

// Type the query result
const result: QueryResult<User> = await pool.query<User>(
  "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1",
  [userId]
);

const user: User | undefined = result.rows[0];

// Type-safe insert
async function createUser(
  pool: Pool,
  email: string,
  name: string
): Promise<User> {
  const result = await pool.query<User>(
    "INSERT INTO users (email, name) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING *",
    [email, name]
  );
  return result.rows[0];
}

Imported: Environment Variables

# Required
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST=<server>.postgres.database.azure.com
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE=<database>
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432

# For password authentication
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER=<username>
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD=<password>

# For Entra ID authentication
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER=<entra-user>@<server>   # e.g., user@contoso.com
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID=<managed-identity-client-id>  # For user-assigned identity

Examples

Example 1: Ask for the upstream workflow directly

Use @azure-postgres-ts to handle <task>. Start from the copied upstream workflow, load only the files that change the outcome, and keep provenance visible in the answer.

Explanation: This is the safest starting point when the operator needs the imported workflow, but not the entire repository.

Example 2: Ask for a provenance-grounded review

Review @azure-postgres-ts against metadata.json and ORIGIN.md, then explain which copied upstream files you would load first and why.

Explanation: Use this before review or troubleshooting when you need a precise, auditable explanation of origin and file selection.

Example 3: Narrow the copied support files before execution

Use @azure-postgres-ts for <task>. Load only the copied references, examples, or scripts that change the outcome, and name the files explicitly before proceeding.

Explanation: This keeps the skill aligned with progressive disclosure instead of loading the whole copied package by default.

Example 4: Build a reviewer packet

Review @azure-postgres-ts using the copied upstream files plus provenance, then summarize any gaps before merge.

Explanation: This is useful when the PR is waiting for human review and you want a repeatable audit packet.

Best Practices

Treat the generated public skill as a reviewable packaging layer around the upstream repository. The goal is to keep provenance explicit and load only the copied source material that materially improves execution.

• Workload - max - idleTimeoutMillis
• Light (dev/test) - 5-10 - 30000
• Medium (production) - 20-30 - 30000
• Heavy (high concurrency) - 50-100 - 10000
• Always use connection pools for production applications
• Use parameterized queries - Never concatenate user input
• Always close connections - Use try/finally or connection pools

Imported Operating Notes

Imported: Pool Sizing Guidelines

max

idleTimeoutMillis

Note: Azure PostgreSQL has connection limits based on SKU. Check your tier's max connections.

Imported: Best Practices

1. Always use connection pools for production applications
2. Use parameterized queries - Never concatenate user input
3. Always close connections - Use

   try/finally

   or connection pools
4. Enable SSL - Required for Azure (

   ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }

   )
5. Handle token refresh - Entra ID tokens expire after ~1 hour
6. Set connection timeouts - Avoid hanging on network issues
7. Use transactions - For multi-statement operations
8. Monitor pool metrics - Track

   pool.totalCount

   ,

   pool.idleCount

   ,

   pool.waitingCount

9. Graceful shutdown - Call

   pool.end()

   on application termination
10. Use TypeScript generics - Type your query results for safety

Troubleshooting

Problem: The operator skipped the imported context and answered too generically

Symptoms: The result ignores the upstream workflow in

plugins/antigravity-awesome-skills-claude/skills/azure-postgres-ts

metadata.json

ORIGIN.md

Problem: The imported workflow feels incomplete during review

Symptoms: Reviewers can see the generated

SKILL.md

Problem: The task drifted into a different specialization

Symptoms: The imported skill starts in the right place, but the work turns into debugging, architecture, design, security, or release orchestration that a native skill handles better. Solution: Use the related skills section to hand off deliberately. Keep the imported provenance visible so the next skill inherits the right context instead of starting blind.

Related Skills

• @azure-mgmt-apicenter-py

  - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.

• @azure-mgmt-apimanagement-dotnet

  - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.

• @azure-mgmt-apimanagement-py

  - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.

• @azure-mgmt-applicationinsights-dotnet

  - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.

Additional Resources

Use this support matrix and the linked files below as the operator packet for this imported skill. They should reflect real copied source material, not generic scaffolding.

references

references/n/a

examples

examples/n/a

scripts

scripts/n/a

agents

agents/n/a

assets

assets/n/a

Imported Reference Notes

Imported: Reference Links

Imported: Authentication

Option 1: Password Authentication

import { Client, Pool } from "pg";

const client = new Client({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
  password: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD,
  port: Number(process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT) || 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }  // Required for Azure
});

await client.connect();

Option 2: Microsoft Entra ID (Passwordless) - Recommended

import { Client, Pool } from "pg";
import { DefaultAzureCredential } from "@azure/identity";

// For system-assigned managed identity
const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();

// For user-assigned managed identity
// const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({
//   managedIdentityClientId: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID
// });

// Acquire access token for Azure PostgreSQL
const tokenResponse = await credential.getToken(
  "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.windows.net/.default"
);

const client = new Client({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,  // Entra ID user
  password: tokenResponse.token,             // Token as password
  port: Number(process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT) || 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }
});

await client.connect();

Imported: Pool with Entra ID Token Refresh

For long-running applications, tokens expire and need refresh:

import { Pool, PoolConfig } from "pg";
import { DefaultAzureCredential, AccessToken } from "@azure/identity";

class AzurePostgresPool {
  private pool: Pool | null = null;
  private credential: DefaultAzureCredential;
  private tokenExpiry: Date | null = null;
  private config: Omit<PoolConfig, "password">;

  constructor(config: Omit<PoolConfig, "password">) {
    this.credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();
    this.config = config;
  }

  private async getToken(): Promise<string> {
    const tokenResponse = await this.credential.getToken(
      "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.windows.net/.default"
    );
    this.tokenExpiry = new Date(tokenResponse.expiresOnTimestamp);
    return tokenResponse.token;
  }

  private isTokenExpired(): boolean {
    if (!this.tokenExpiry) return true;
    // Refresh 5 minutes before expiry
    return new Date() >= new Date(this.tokenExpiry.getTime() - 5 * 60 * 1000);
  }

  async getPool(): Promise<Pool> {
    if (this.pool && !this.isTokenExpired()) {
      return this.pool;
    }

    // Close existing pool if token expired
    if (this.pool) {
      await this.pool.end();
    }

    const token = await this.getToken();
    this.pool = new Pool({
      ...this.config,
      password: token
    });

    return this.pool;
  }

  async query<T>(text: string, params?: any[]): Promise<QueryResult<T>> {
    const pool = await this.getPool();
    return pool.query<T>(text, params);
  }

  async end(): Promise<void> {
    if (this.pool) {
      await this.pool.end();
      this.pool = null;
    }
  }
}

// Usage
const azurePool = new AzurePostgresPool({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST!,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE!,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER!,
  port: 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true },
  max: 20
});

const result = await azurePool.query("SELECT NOW()");

Imported: Error Handling

import { DatabaseError } from "pg";

try {
  await pool.query("INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1)", [email]);
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof DatabaseError) {
    switch (error.code) {
      case "23505":  // unique_violation
        console.error("Duplicate entry:", error.detail);
        break;
      case "23503":  // foreign_key_violation
        console.error("Foreign key constraint failed:", error.detail);
        break;
      case "42P01":  // undefined_table
        console.error("Table does not exist:", error.message);
        break;
      case "28P01":  // invalid_password
        console.error("Authentication failed");
        break;
      case "57P03":  // cannot_connect_now (server starting)
        console.error("Server unavailable, retry later");
        break;
      default:
        console.error(`PostgreSQL error ${error.code}: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }
  throw error;
}

Imported: Connection String Format

// Alternative: Use connection string
const pool = new Pool({
  connectionString: `postgres://${user}:${password}@${host}:${port}/${database}?sslmode=require`
});

// With SSL required (Azure)
const connectionString = 
  `postgres://user:password@server.postgres.database.azure.com:5432/mydb?sslmode=require`;

Imported: Pool Events

const pool = new Pool({ /* config */ });

pool.on("connect", (client) => {
  console.log("New client connected to pool");
});

pool.on("acquire", (client) => {
  console.log("Client checked out from pool");
});

pool.on("release", (err, client) => {
  console.log("Client returned to pool");
});

pool.on("remove", (client) => {
  console.log("Client removed from pool");
});

pool.on("error", (err, client) => {
  console.error("Unexpected pool error:", err);
});

Imported: Azure-Specific Configuration

ssl.rejectUnauthorized

true

5432

6432

https://ossrdbms-aad.database.windows.net/.default

Imported: Key Types

import {
  Client,
  Pool,
  PoolClient,
  PoolConfig,
  QueryResult,
  QueryResultRow,
  DatabaseError,
  QueryConfig
} from "pg";

Imported: Limitations

• Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
• Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
• Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.