Encapsulation Analyzer

Overview

This skill analyzes PHP codebases for encapsulation violations — situations where internal state is exposed, getters/setters replace behavior, or the "Tell, Don't Ask" principle is violated.

When to Use

• Reviewing Domain layer entities and aggregates
• Detecting anemic domain models
• Checking for Law of Demeter violations
• Auditing collection exposure patterns
• Evaluating getter/behavior ratio in entities

Encapsulation Principles

Analysis Approach

1. Phase 1 — Public Mutable State: Scan Domain entities for non-readonly public properties
2. Phase 2 — Getter/Setter Abuse: Count getters vs behavior methods, flag anemic entities
3. Phase 3 — Tell Don't Ask: Detect getter chains and external conditionals on object state
4. Phase 4 — Collection Exposure: Find methods returning internal arrays/collections directly
5. Phase 5 — Exposed Internals: Check for reflection usage, debug methods, mutable object returns
6. Phase 6 — Constructor Issues: Flag too many dependencies, complex construction without factories

Detection Rules

public string|public int|public array

public function set[A-Z]

->get[A-Z].*->get[A-Z].*->get[A-Z]

if \(\$.*->get[A-Z].*===

switch \(\$.*->get[A-Z]|match \(\$.*->get[A-Z]

public function get.*\(\): array

public function get.*\(\): Collection

ReflectionClass|ReflectionProperty|setAccessible

public function toArray\(\)|dump\(\)|debug\(\)

new [A-Z].*Entity\(|new [A-Z].*Aggregate\(

Severity Classification

Report Format

# Encapsulation Analysis Report

## Summary

| Issue Type | Critical | Warning | Info |
|------------|----------|---------|------|
| Public Mutable State | N | N | - |
| Getter/Setter Abuse | N | N | N |
| Tell Don't Ask | N | N | - |
| Collection Exposure | N | N | - |
| Exposed Internals | N | N | N |

**Encapsulation Score: X%**

## Findings

### [ID]: [Title]
- **File:** `path:line`
- **Issue:** [Description]
- **Code:** [Problematic snippet]
- **Expected:** [Correct pattern]
- **Skills:** [Related generator skills]

## Getter/Behavior Ratio

| Entity | Getters | Setters | Behavior | Ratio | Status |
|--------|---------|---------|----------|-------|--------|

**Target:** Ratio < 2.0

## Refactoring Recommendations

### Immediate
1. Make all entity properties private
2. Replace setters with behavior methods
3. Return collection copies, not references

### Short-term
4. Extract Value Objects for validated data
5. Add factory methods for complex construction
6. Remove getter chains (add shortcut methods)

### Long-term
7. Review anemic entities for missing behavior
8. Consider CQRS to separate read/write models

Integration

Works with:

• detect-code-smells

  — Feature Envy, Anemic Model

• structural-auditor

  — DDD compliance

• create-entity

  — Generate rich entities

• create-value-object

  — Encapsulated value types

References

• references/patterns.md

  — detailed detection patterns with code examples, report format samples, metrics examples, and rich entity template
• "Tell, Don't Ask" — Martin Fowler
• "Anemic Domain Model" — Martin Fowler
• "Object-Oriented Software Construction" (Bertrand Meyer)
• "Elegant Objects" (Yegor Bugayenko)