ABC模型归因澄清微干预

通过对比性提问引导来访者区分诱发事件（A）、信念（B）与情绪行为后果（C），聚焦识别、 labeling，和 preliminarily deconstructing irrational beliefs (e.g., absolutist, overgeneralized, catastrophic thinking), such as equating 'not being retained by an internship' with global failure.

Prompt

1. 明确给出‘不合理信念’的操作性定义：‘个体意识到或未意识到的、不切实际、缺乏逻辑、站不住脚的想法’；
2. 清晰列出三类典型特征：绝对化（如‘必须’‘应该’）、过分概括化（如‘永远不行’‘全都失败’）、极端化/灾难化（如‘完了’‘彻底毁了’）；
3. 结合来访者刚表述的具体语句（如‘找不到完美的工作就等于失败’），逐条对照特征，引导其自主识别并命名所属类型；
4. 避免直接否定或说教，用‘我们一起来看看这个想法是否符合这三个特点’保持协作立场。

Objective

Identify and label irrational beliefs using psychoeducational definition and concrete examples.

Applicable Signals

• Client uses absolutist language ('must', 'should', 'never', 'always')
• Client generalizes from single failure ('I failed once → I’ll always fail')
• Client catastrophizes outcomes ('If not this job, my life is ruined')

Contraindications

• Client is in acute crisis or suicidal ideation
• Client lacks insight or engagement with cognitive model

Intervention Moves

• Provide psychoeducational definition of irrational belief
• Name and exemplify three features: absolutism, overgeneralization, catastrophizing
• Anchor labeling to client’s own recent utterance

Workflow Steps

• Step 1: State definition plainly and neutrally
• Step 2: List and briefly illustrate the three hallmark features
• Step 3: Select one client-generated statement and jointly map it to a feature
• Step 4: Invite client to name the type (e.g., ‘Is this an absolute statement?’)

Constraints

• Must occur only after rapport is established and client demonstrates basic cognitive awareness
• Avoid diagnostic labels (e.g., ‘you’re thinking irrationally’) — use descriptive, non-judgmental language

Cautions

• Do not proceed if client is emotionally flooded; pause for grounding first
• Do not conflate low mood with lack of insight — assess willingness before labeling

Output Contract

• Client correctly labels at least one belief as 'absolute', 'overgeneralized', or 'catastrophic' using therapist-provided criteria.

Example Therapist Responses

Example 1

• Client/Input: X：找不到理想的工作，我就彻底完了。
• Therapist/Output: 乙：这句话里有‘彻底完了’——这是一种把单一结果扩大到整个人生结局的表达，我们称之为‘极端化’或‘灾难化’信念。你觉得这个归类贴切吗？
• Notes: 紧扣原文中‘极端化’特征，用客户原话锚定，邀请确认而非断言。

Example 2

• Client/Input: X：我必须进大厂，否则就是失败者。
• Therapist/Output: 乙：这里出现了‘必须’和‘否则就是失败者’两个关键点：前者是‘绝对化’要求，后者是‘以偏概全’地用一个标准定义全部价值。我们把它记作‘绝对化+过分概括化’组合。
• Notes: 识别复合特征，命名清晰，不简化复杂表达。

Objective

Facilitate awareness, labeling, and preliminary deconstruction of irrational beliefs using psychoeducational definition and concrete examples.

Applicable Signals

• 语言中出现‘全部’‘永远’‘彻底’‘肯定不行’等绝对化表述
• 将单一事件泛化为自我价值否定
• 情绪反应与事件客观信息明显失配
• Client uses absolutist language ('must', 'should', 'never', 'always')
• Client generalizes from single failure ('I failed once → I’ll always fail')
• Client catastrophizes outcomes ('If not this job, my life is ruined')

Contraindications

• 来访者处于急性危机或现实安全风险中
• 尚未建立基本咨询关系与情绪稳定性
• 存在显著认知功能障碍影响逻辑反思能力
• Client is in acute crisis or suicidal ideation
• Client lacks insight or engagement with cognitive model

Intervention Moves

• Provide psychoeducational definition of irrational belief
• Name and exemplify three features: absolutism, overgeneralization, catastrophizing
• Anchor labeling to client’s own recent utterance

Workflow Steps

• Confirm specific triggering event (A) and associated emotional/behavioral response (C)
• Gently inquire: 'What went through your mind the moment this happened?' to locate B
• State definition of irrational belief features plainly and neutrally
• List and briefly illustrate the three hallmark features (absolute, overgeneralized, catastrophic)
• Select one client-generated statement and jointly map it to a feature
• Invite client to name the type (e.g., ‘Is this an absolute statement?’)
• Use contrastive questions (e.g., 'Is this happening only to you?', 'Would others conclude they're worthless from this?') to loosen belief's perceived inevitability
• Validate emotion while distinguishing factual event from debatable belief

Constraints

• Do not generate replacement beliefs; only create space for reflection
• Avoid corrective language (e.g., 'you should', 'actually not')
• Limit to 2–3 conversational turns; maintain lightness
• Must occur only after rapport is established and client demonstrates basic cognitive awareness
• Avoid diagnostic labels (e.g., ‘you’re thinking irrationally’) — use descriptive, non-judgmental language

Cautions

• Avoid turning questions into debate or didacticism; stay anchored in client's subjective experience
• If strong defensiveness arises, immediately return to empathy and normalization—do not push
• Do not proceed if client is emotionally flooded; pause for grounding first
• Do not conflate low mood with lack of insight — assess willingness before labeling

Output Contract

• Client verbally articulates at least one specific belief (B) and demonstrates openness to examining it (e.g., pause, reflective question, slight nod)
• Client correctly labels at least one belief as 'absolute', 'overgeneralized', or 'catastrophic' using therapist-provided criteria.

Example Therapist Responses

Example 1

• Client/Input: X：找不到理想的工作，我就彻底完了。
• Therapist/Output: 乙：这句话里有‘彻底完了’——这是一种把单一结果扩大到整个人生结局的表达，我们称之为‘极端化’或‘灾难化’信念。你觉得这个归类贴切吗？
• Notes: 紧扣原文中‘极端化’特征，用客户原话锚定，邀请确认而非断言。

Example 2

• Client/Input: X：我必须进大厂，否则就是失败者。
• Therapist/Output: 乙：这里出现了‘必须’和‘否则就是失败者’两个关键点：前者是‘绝对化’要求，后者是‘以偏概全’地用一个标准定义全部价值。我们把它记作‘绝对化+过分概括化’组合。
• Notes: 识别复合特征，命名清晰，不简化复杂表达。

Files

• references/evidence.md

• references/evidence_manifest.json

Triggers

• Client attributes emotional response solely to external event (A), unaware of belief (B) as mediator
• Uses absolutist, catastrophic, or overgeneralized language
• Emotional reaction intensity markedly exceeds objective severity of event
• Client verbalizes all-or-nothing statements (e.g., 'I must get the perfect job')
• Client shows emotional distress tied to rigid expectations

Examples

Example 1

Input:

X：找不到理想的工作，我就彻底完了。

Output:

乙：这句话里有‘彻底完了’——这是一种把单一结果扩大到整个人生结局的表达，我们称之为‘极端化’或‘灾难化’信念。你觉得这个归类贴切吗？

Notes:

紧扣原文中‘极端化’特征，用客户原话锚定，邀请确认而非断言。

Example 2

Input:

X：我必须进大厂，否则就是失败者。

Output:

乙：这里出现了‘必须’和‘否则就是失败者’两个关键点：前者是‘绝对化’要求，后者是‘以偏概全’地用一个标准定义全部价值。我们把它记作‘绝对化+过分概括化’组合。

Notes:

识别复合特征，命名清晰，不简化复杂表达。