FEC Filing Analysis

This skill enables analysis of Federal Election Commission campaign finance filings.

Requirements

• uv must be installed
• Python 3.9+

Dependencies are automatically installed when running scripts with

uv run

First-Time Check

The first time this skill is invoked in a session, verify that

uv

uv --version

If this command fails or

uv

uv

Quick Start

Always start by checking the filing size:

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <FILING_ID> --summary-only

Based on the summary, decide how to proceed—see Handling Large Filings below for filtering and streaming strategies. Small filings can be fetched directly; large filings require pre-filtering or streaming.

Fetching data:

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <FILING_ID>                   # Full filing (small filings only)
uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <FILING_ID> --schedule A      # Only contributions
uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <FILING_ID> --schedule B      # Only disbursements
uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <FILING_ID> --schedules A,B   # Multiple schedules

The

fecfile

Field Name Policy

IMPORTANT: Do not guess at field names. Before referencing any field names in responses:

1. For form-level fields (summary data, cash flow, totals): Read

   references/FORMS.md

2. For itemization fields (contributors, payees, expenditures): Read

   references/SCHEDULES.md

These files contain the authoritative field mappings. If a field name isn't documented there, verify it exists in the actual JSON output before using it.

Handling Large Filings

FEC filings vary enormously in size. Small filings (like state party monthly reports) may have only a few dozen itemizations and can be used directly. However, major committees like ActBlue, WinRed, and presidential campaigns can have hundreds of thousands of itemizations in a single filing. Do not dump large filing data directly into the context window. Avoid streaming large filings to stdout.

Checking Size

Before pulling full schedules, use

--summary-only

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <ID> --summary-only

The summary includes financial totals that help gauge filing size without parsing itemizations:

col_a_individuals_itemized

col_a_total_contributions

col_a_total_disbursements

col_b_individuals_itemized

col_b_total_contributions

col_b_total_disbursements

These are dollar totals, not item counts, but combined with the committee name they help you decide:

• Small state/local party with modest totals: Probably safe to pull full schedules
• ActBlue, WinRed, or presidential campaign with millions in totals: Use streaming or post-filter

If you need to verify exact counts before processing, stream with an early cutoff:

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <ID> --stream --schedule A | python3 -c "
import sys
count = 0
limit = 256
for line in sys.stdin:
    count += 1
    if count >= limit:
        print(f'Schedule A: {limit}+ items (stopped counting)')
        sys.exit(0)
print(f'Schedule A: {count} items')
"

If itemization counts are in the hundreds or more, you must post-filter before presenting results. Even smaller filings may benefit from post-filtering to aggregate or focus the output.

Pre-Filtering at Parse Time

Use CLI flags to filter before data is loaded into memory:

--summary-only

--schedule A

--schedule B

--schedule C

--schedule D

--schedule E

--schedules A,B

Schedules you don't request are never parsed.

Post-Filtering with Pandas

Use Python/pandas to aggregate, filter, and limit results:

cat > /tmp/analysis.py << 'EOF'
# /// script
# requires-python = ">=3.9"
# dependencies = ["pandas>=2.3.0"]
# ///
import json, sys
import pandas as pd

data = json.load(sys.stdin)
df = pd.DataFrame(data.get('itemizations', {}).get('Schedule A', []))
# Aggregate and limit output
print(df.groupby('contributor_state')['contribution_amount'].agg(['count', 'sum']).sort_values('sum', ascending=False).to_string())
EOF

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <ID> --schedule A 2>&1 | uv run /tmp/analysis.py

Streaming Mode (Producer/Consumer Model)

For truly massive filings where even a single schedule is too large to hold in memory, use

--stream

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <ID> --stream --schedule A

Each line has the format:

{"data_type": "...", "data": {...}}

How streaming works:

The producer (fetch_filing.py) outputs one record at a time without loading the full filing. A consumer script reads one line at a time and aggregates incrementally. Neither side ever holds all records in memory.

Example streaming aggregation:

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py <ID> --stream --schedule A | python3 -c "
import json, sys
from collections import defaultdict
totals = defaultdict(float)
counts = defaultdict(int)
for line in sys.stdin:
    rec = json.loads(line)
    if rec['data_type'] == 'itemization':
        state = rec['data'].get('contributor_state', 'Unknown')
        amt = float(rec['data'].get('contribution_amount', 0))
        totals[state] += amt
        counts[state] += 1
for state in sorted(totals, key=lambda s: -totals[s]):
    print(f'{state}: {counts[state]} contributions, \${totals[state]:,.2f}')
"

This processes hundreds of thousands of records using constant memory.

Guidelines

1. Small filings - Can be used directly without filtering
2. Large filings - Pre-filter with

   --summary-only

   or

   --schedule X

   , then check size
3. Massive results - Post-filter with pandas to aggregate, filter, and limit output
4. Streaming mode - Use

   --stream

   with inline Python consumers for constant-memory processing
5. Limit output - Use

   .head()

   ,

   .nlargest()

   ,

   .nsmallest()

   to cap results

Finding Filings by Candidate/Committee Name

When the user asks about a candidate or committee's filings without providing a filing ID, use the MCP tools to discover the filing ID.

MCP Tools

The

fec-api

• search_committees

  : Search for committees by name → returns committee IDs

• get_filings

  : Get filings for a committee ID → returns filing IDs and metadata

The MCP server loads the FEC API key from the system keyring on first tool use, keeping it secure and hidden from the conversation. The API key is never visible to the model.

API Key Security

IMPORTANT: Never output or log the FEC API key. The key is loaded on first tool use, cached in memory, and never exposed to the model.

The key can be accidentally exposed in:

• Error messages from HTTP clients (which may include the full URL)
• Debug output or logging
• Custom scripts that print request parameters

The MCP server sanitizes error output to prevent key exposure.

Workflow Example

"What are the top expenditures in Utah Republican Party's most recent filing?"

Step 1: Find the committee

Use

search_committees

[
  {
    "id": "C00089482",
    "is_active": true,
    "name": "UTAH REPUBLICAN PARTY"
  },
  {
    "id": "C00174144",
    "is_active": false,
    "name": "UTAH COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY/FEC ACCT"
  }
]

Choose the appropriate

id

Step 2: Get recent filings

Use

get_filings

[
  {
    "filing_id": 1896830,
    "form_type": "F3X",
    "receipt_date": "2025-06-20T00:00:00",
    "coverage_start_date": "2025-05-01",
    "coverage_end_date": "2025-05-31",
    "total_receipts": 42655.8,
    "total_disbursements": 21283.49,
    "amendment_indicator": "N"
  },
  {
    "filing_id": null,
    "form_type": "FRQ",
    "receipt_date": "2025-05-21T00:00:00",
    "coverage_start_date": "2025-03-01",
    "coverage_end_date": "2025-03-31",
    "total_receipts": null,
    "total_disbursements": null,
    "amendment_indicator": null
  },
  {
    "filing_id": 1893645,
    "form_type": "F3X",
    "receipt_date": "2025-05-20T00:00:00",
    "coverage_start_date": "2025-04-01",
    "coverage_end_date": "2025-04-30",
    "total_receipts": 25100.23,
    "total_disbursements": 15024.56,
    "amendment_indicator": "N"
  },
  {
    "filing_id": 1889675,
    "form_type": "F3X",
    "receipt_date": "2025-04-20T00:00:00",
    "coverage_start_date": "2025-03-01",
    "coverage_end_date": "2025-03-31",
    "total_receipts": 33363.33,
    "total_disbursements": 37921.03,
    "amendment_indicator": "N"
  }
]

Choose the appropriate

filing_id

filing_id

Step 3: Check filing size

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py 1896830 --summary-only

Step 4: Post-filter to get top 10 expenditures

cat > /tmp/top_expenditures.py << 'EOF'
# /// script
# requires-python = ">=3.9"
# dependencies = ["pandas>=2.3.0"]
# ///
import json, sys
import pandas as pd

data = json.load(sys.stdin)
df = pd.DataFrame(data.get('itemizations', {}).get('Schedule B', []))
org  = df["payee_organization_name"].astype("string").str.strip().replace("", pd.NA)
last = df["payee_last_name"].astype("string").str.strip().replace("", pd.NA)
first= df["payee_first_name"].astype("string").str.strip().replace("", pd.NA)

# "Last, First" when both exist; otherwise fall back to whichever exists
person = (last + ", " + first).where(last.notna() & first.notna())
person = person.combine_first(last).combine_first(first)

payee_name = org.combine_first(person)

top10 = (
    df.assign(payee_name=payee_name)
      .nlargest(10, "expenditure_amount")[
          ["payee_name", "expenditure_amount", "expenditure_purpose_descrip", "expenditure_date"]
      ]
)
print(top10.to_string())
EOF

uv run scripts/fetch_filing.py 1896830 --schedule B 2>&1 | uv run /tmp/top_expenditures.py

MCP Tool Reference

search_committees

query

limit

get_filings

committee_id

limit

form_type

cycle

report_type

sort

include_amended

Sorting options:

receipt_date

coverage_start_date

coverage_end_date

total_receipts

total_disbursements

report_year

cycle

When to use different sort options:

-receipt_date

-coverage_end_date

-total_receipts

Note:

-receipt_date

-coverage_end_date

Finding Filing IDs (Manual)

If the FEC API is not set up, filing IDs can be found via:

1. FEC Website: Visit fec.gov and search for a committee
2. Direct URLs: Filing IDs appear in URLs like

   https://docquery.fec.gov/dcdev/posted/1690664.fec

Response Style

When analyzing FEC filings:

• Start with your best judgment about whether this filing has unusual aspects (no activity is not unusual)
• Write in a simple, direct style
• Group related information together in coherent sections

Form Types

See FORMS.md for detailed guidance on:

• F1/F1A: Committee registration/organization
• F2/F2A: Candidate declarations
• F3/F3P/F3X: Financial reports
• F99: Miscellaneous text filings

Schedules & Field Mappings

See SCHEDULES.md for detailed field mappings for:

• Schedule A: Individual contributions
• Schedule B: Disbursements/expenditures
• Schedule C: Loans
• Schedule D: Debts
• Schedule E: Independent expenditures

Amendment Detection

Check the

amendment_indicator

• A

  = Standard Amendment

• T

  = Termination Amendment
• Empty/None = Original Filing

If it's an amendment, look for

previous_report_amendment_indicator

Coverage Periods

Use

coverage_from_date

coverage_through_date

• Format: Usually YYYY-MM-DD
• Calculate days covered: (end_date - start_date) + 1
• Context: Quarterly reports ~90 days, Monthly ~30 days, Pre-election varies

Financial Summary Fields

For financial filings (F3, F3P, F3X):

• Receipts:

  col_a_total_receipts

• Disbursements:

  col_a_total_disbursements

• Cash on Hand:

  col_a_cash_on_hand_close_of_period

• Debts:

  col_a_debts_to

  and

  col_a_debts_by

Data Quality Notes

• Contributions/expenditures $200+ must be itemized with details
• Smaller amounts may appear in summary totals but not itemized
• FEC Committee ID format is usually C########

Example Queries

Once you have filing data, you can answer questions like:

• "What are the total receipts and disbursements?"
• "Who are the top 10 contributors?"
• "What are the largest expenditures?"
• "What contributions came from California?"
• "How much was spent on advertising?"