Firecrawl Load & Scale

Overview

Load test and scale Firecrawl scraping pipelines. Firecrawl's rate limits are per-plan (RPM and concurrent connections), so scaling means maximizing throughput within those limits using batch scraping, async crawls, and queue-based request management.

Rate Limits by Plan

Plan	Scrape RPM	Concurrent Crawls	Max Batch Size
Free	10	2	10
Hobby	20	3	50
Standard	50	5	100
Growth	100	10	100
Scale	500+	50+	100

Instructions

Step 1: Measure Baseline Throughput

import FirecrawlApp from "@mendable/firecrawl-js";

const firecrawl = new FirecrawlApp({
  apiKey: process.env.FIRECRAWL_API_KEY!,
});

async function measureThroughput(urls: string[], concurrency: number) {
  const start = Date.now();
  const results: Array<{ url: string; durationMs: number; success: boolean; chars: number }> = [];

  // Process in batches of `concurrency`
  for (let i = 0; i < urls.length; i += concurrency) {
    const batch = urls.slice(i, i + concurrency);
    const batchResults = await Promise.all(
      batch.map(async url => {
        const t0 = Date.now();
        try {
          const result = await firecrawl.scrapeUrl(url, { formats: ["markdown"] });
          return { url, durationMs: Date.now() - t0, success: true, chars: result.markdown?.length || 0 };
        } catch {
          return { url, durationMs: Date.now() - t0, success: false, chars: 0 };
        }
      })
    );
    results.push(...batchResults);
  }

  const totalMs = Date.now() - start;
  const succeeded = results.filter(r => r.success).length;

  console.log(`=== Throughput Report ===`);
  console.log(`URLs: ${urls.length}, Concurrency: ${concurrency}`);
  console.log(`Total time: ${totalMs}ms`);
  console.log(`Success: ${succeeded}/${urls.length}`);
  console.log(`Throughput: ${(urls.length / (totalMs / 1000)).toFixed(1)} pages/sec`);
  console.log(`Avg latency: ${(results.reduce((s, r) => s + r.durationMs, 0) / results.length).toFixed(0)}ms`);

  return results;
}

Step 2: Use Batch Scrape for Maximum Efficiency

// batchScrapeUrls is the most efficient way to scrape multiple known URLs
async function scaledBatchScrape(urls: string[], batchSize = 50) {
  const allResults: any[] = [];

  for (let i = 0; i < urls.length; i += batchSize) {
    const batch = urls.slice(i, i + batchSize);
    console.log(`Batch ${i / batchSize + 1}: scraping ${batch.length} URLs...`);

    const result = await firecrawl.batchScrapeUrls(batch, {
      formats: ["markdown"],
      onlyMainContent: true,
    });

    allResults.push(...(result.data || []));
    console.log(`  Done: ${result.data?.length} pages scraped`);
  }

  return allResults;
}

Step 3: Queue-Based Scraping with p-queue

import PQueue from "p-queue";

function createScrapeQueue(config: {
  concurrency: number;
  requestsPerSecond: number;
}) {
  const queue = new PQueue({
    concurrency: config.concurrency,
    interval: 1000,
    intervalCap: config.requestsPerSecond,
  });

  async function scrape(url: string) {
    return queue.add(async () => {
      const result = await firecrawl.scrapeUrl(url, {
        formats: ["markdown"],
        onlyMainContent: true,
      });
      return { url, markdown: result.markdown, title: result.metadata?.title };
    });
  }

  return { scrape, queue };
}

// Usage: respect rate limits automatically
const { scrape, queue } = createScrapeQueue({
  concurrency: 5,
  requestsPerSecond: 10,
});

const urls = ["https://a.com", "https://b.com", /* ... */];
const results = await Promise.all(urls.map(scrape));
console.log(`Queue: ${queue.pending} pending, ${queue.size} queued`);

Step 4: Scale Async Crawls

// For large-scale content ingestion, run multiple async crawls
async function parallelCrawls(targets: Array<{ url: string; limit: number }>) {
  // Start all crawls
  const jobs = await Promise.all(
    targets.map(async t => {
      const job = await firecrawl.asyncCrawlUrl(t.url, {
        limit: t.limit,
        scrapeOptions: { formats: ["markdown"] },
      });
      return { ...t, jobId: job.id };
    })
  );

  console.log(`Started ${jobs.length} crawl jobs`);

  // Poll all jobs until complete
  const results: any[] = [];
  const pending = new Set(jobs.map(j => j.jobId));

  while (pending.size > 0) {
    for (const jobId of [...pending]) {
      const status = await firecrawl.checkCrawlStatus(jobId);
      if (status.status === "completed") {
        results.push({ jobId, pages: status.data?.length });
        pending.delete(jobId);
        console.log(`Job ${jobId} complete: ${status.data?.length} pages (${pending.size} remaining)`);
      } else if (status.status === "failed") {
        pending.delete(jobId);
        console.error(`Job ${jobId} failed: ${status.error}`);
      }
    }
    if (pending.size > 0) {
      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 5000));
    }
  }

  return results;
}

Step 5: Capacity Planning

function estimateCapacity(plan: {
  rpm: number;
  concurrentCrawls: number;
  credits: number;
}) {
  const pagesPerMinute = plan.rpm;
  const pagesPerHour = pagesPerMinute * 60;
  const pagesPerDay = pagesPerHour * 24;
  const daysOfCredits = plan.credits / (pagesPerDay * 0.5); // assume 50% utilization

  console.log(`=== Capacity Estimate ===`);
  console.log(`Max throughput: ${pagesPerMinute} pages/min`);
  console.log(`Daily capacity: ${pagesPerDay.toLocaleString()} pages/day`);
  console.log(`Credit runway: ${daysOfCredits.toFixed(0)} days at 50% utilization`);
  console.log(`Concurrent crawl jobs: ${plan.concurrentCrawls}`);
}

// Standard plan
estimateCapacity({ rpm: 50, concurrentCrawls: 5, credits: 50000 });

Error Handling

Issue	Cause	Solution
429 errors under load	Exceeding RPM limit	Reduce concurrency, use p-queue
Batch scrape timeout	Too many URLs	Split into chunks of 50
Crawl jobs queued	Hit concurrent crawl limit	Stagger start times
Diminishing returns	Network bottleneck	Increase plan tier, not concurrency

Examples

Quick Load Test

const testUrls = Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) =>
  `https://docs.firecrawl.dev/features/${["scrape", "crawl", "map", "extract"][i % 4]}`
);
await measureThroughput(testUrls, 5);

Resources

• Firecrawl Rate Limits
• Batch Scrape
• p-queue

Next Steps

For reliability patterns, see

firecrawl-reliability-patterns

.