Protractor Automation Skill (Deprecated)

Protractor reached end-of-life in 2023. Angular team recommends Playwright or Cypress.

For TestMu AI cloud execution, see reference/cloud-integration.md and shared/testmu-cloud-reference.md.

Core Patterns

Basic Test

describe('Login', () => {
  beforeEach(async () => {
    await browser.get('/login');
  });

  it('should login with valid credentials', async () => {
    await element(by.model('email')).sendKeys('user@test.com');
    await element(by.model('password')).sendKeys('password123');
    await element(by.css('button[type="submit"]')).click();
    expect(await browser.getCurrentUrl()).toContain('/dashboard');
    expect(await element(by.css('.welcome')).getText()).toContain('Welcome');
  });

  it('should show error for invalid credentials', async () => {
    await element(by.model('email')).sendKeys('wrong@test.com');
    await element(by.model('password')).sendKeys('wrong');
    await element(by.css('button[type="submit"]')).click();
    expect(await element(by.css('.error')).isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
  });
});

Angular-Specific Locators

element(by.model('ctrl.email'));                      // ng-model
element(by.binding('ctrl.username'));                  // Angular binding
element(by.exactBinding('ctrl.name'));                // Exact binding
element(by.repeater('item in items'));                // ng-repeat
element.all(by.repeater('item in items')).count();   // Count repeater
element(by.cssContainingText('.item', 'Active'));     // CSS + text
element(by.buttonText('Submit'));                      // Button text
element(by.partialButtonText('Sub'));                  // Partial text

Page Objects

class LoginPage {
  constructor() {
    this.emailInput = element(by.model('email'));
    this.passwordInput = element(by.model('password'));
    this.loginButton = element(by.css('button[type="submit"]'));
    this.errorMessage = element(by.css('.error'));
  }

  async login(email, password) {
    await this.emailInput.sendKeys(email);
    await this.passwordInput.sendKeys(password);
    await this.loginButton.click();
  }
}

// Usage
const loginPage = new LoginPage();
await loginPage.login('user@test.com', 'password123');

protractor.conf.js

exports.config = {
  framework: 'jasmine',
  seleniumAddress: 'http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
  specs: ['specs/**/*.spec.js'],
  capabilities: { browserName: 'chrome' },
  jasmineNodeOpts: { defaultTimeoutInterval: 30000 },
  onPrepare: () => {
    browser.waitForAngularEnabled(true);
  }
};

Migration Guide

element(by.model('x'))

page.locator('[ng-model="x"]')

element(by.css('#id'))

page.locator('#id')

browser.get(url)

page.goto(url)

element.sendKeys(text)

locator.fill(text)

browser.sleep(ms)

page.waitForTimeout(ms)

browser.waitForAngular()

Cloud Execution on TestMu AI

Set environment variables:

LT_USERNAME

LT_ACCESS_KEY

// conf.js
exports.config = {
  seleniumAddress: `https://${process.env.LT_USERNAME}:${process.env.LT_ACCESS_KEY}@hub.lambdatest.com/wd/hub`,
  capabilities: {
    browserName: 'chrome',
    'LT:Options': {
      user: process.env.LT_USERNAME,
      accessKey: process.env.LT_ACCESS_KEY,
      build: 'Protractor Build',
      name: 'Protractor Test',
      platformName: 'Windows 11',
      video: true,
      console: true,
      network: true,
    },
  },
};

Run:

npx protractor conf.js

(deprecated, use Playwright/Cypress instead)

Deep Patterns

For advanced patterns, debugging guides, CI/CD integration, and best practices, see

reference/playbook.md