Database Change Management

Exclusive to:

database-admin

📚 Context7 (Memory) — Up-to-Date Docs

Lookup latest ORM patterns before implementing:

mcp_context7_resolve-library-id(libraryName="laravel", query="eloquent relationships")
mcp_context7_query-docs(libraryId="/laravel/docs", query="migrations foreign keys")

Validation Loop (MANDATORY)

Every migration MUST pass this verification sequence:

php artisan migrate        # Run migration
php artisan migrate:rollback   # Verify rollback works
php artisan migrate        # Re-run migration
composer test             # All tests still pass

Do NOT complete until all steps succeed.

Instructions

1. Audit existing migrations and models for current schema
2. Design migration with reversible

   down()

   method
3. Run

   migrate

   and

   rollback

   to validate locally
4. Update Eloquent model ($fillable, $casts, relationships)
5. Document any required backfills or deployment order

Safe Migration Patterns

Adding Columns

// ✅ Safe: nullable or with default
$table->string('field')->nullable();
$table->boolean('active')->default(true);

// ❌ Unsafe: NOT NULL without default
$table->string('field');

Adding Indexes

// Index for WHERE/ORDER BY columns
$table->index('user_id');
$table->index(['status', 'created_at']);

Zero-Downtime Strategy

1. Add — Add nullable column
2. Backfill — Populate data in chunks
3. Enforce — Make column required

Backfill Pattern

Model::query()
    ->whereNull('new_field')
    ->chunkById(1000, function ($items) {
        foreach ($items as $item) {
            $item->update(['new_field' => $value]);
        }
    });

Eloquent Relationships

One-to-Many

// User has many Posts
public function posts(): HasMany
{
    return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
}

Many-to-Many

public function tags(): BelongsToMany
{
    return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class)
        ->withTimestamps();
}

Query Optimization

Eager Loading

// ❌ N+1 Problem
foreach (Post::all() as $post) {
    echo $post->user->name;
}

// ✅ Eager Load
Post::with('user')->get();

Index Strategy

WHERE user_id = ?

index('user_id')

WHERE status = ? AND date > ?

index(['status', 'date'])

Common Pitfalls

• ❌ NOT NULL without default on existing table
• ❌ Dropping columns without backup
• ❌ Missing indexes on foreign keys
• ❌ Missing

  down()

  method

Verification

php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate:rollback
php artisan migrate

Examples

• "Add an index to speed up dashboard query"
• "Add a nullable column then backfill safely"