Docker & DevOps Skill

This skill provides comprehensive guidance for Docker orchestration, CI/CD pipelines, and deployment strategies in IntelliFill.

Table of Contents

1. Docker Architecture
2. Dockerfile Patterns
3. Docker Compose
4. GitHub Actions
5. Environment Management
6. Health Checks
7. Deployment Strategies

Docker Architecture

IntelliFill uses a multi-container architecture with Docker Compose.

Container Structure

IntelliFill/
├── quikadmin/              # Backend API container
│   ├── Dockerfile.dev      # Development build
│   ├── Dockerfile.prod     # Production build
│   └── Dockerfile.test     # Testing build
├── quikadmin-web/          # Frontend UI container
│   ├── Dockerfile.dev
│   └── Dockerfile.prod
├── docker-compose.yml      # Development orchestration
└── docker-compose.e2e.yml  # E2E testing orchestration

Service Overview

# Services in docker-compose.yml
services:
  postgres:         # PostgreSQL database
  redis:            # Redis cache & queues
  backend:          # Express API
  frontend:         # React UI
  nginx:            # Reverse proxy (production)

Dockerfile Patterns

IntelliFill uses multi-stage builds for optimization.

Backend Dockerfile (Development)

# quikadmin/Dockerfile.dev
FROM node:18-alpine AS base

# Install dependencies for native modules
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    python3 \
    make \
    g++ \
    cairo-dev \
    jpeg-dev \
    pango-dev \
    giflib-dev

WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./
COPY prisma ./prisma/

# Install dependencies
RUN npm ci

# Copy source code
COPY . .

# Generate Prisma Client
RUN npx prisma generate

# Expose port
EXPOSE 3002

# Development command with hot reload
CMD ["npm", "run", "dev"]

Backend Dockerfile (Production)

# quikadmin/Dockerfile.prod
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder

# Install build dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    python3 \
    make \
    g++ \
    cairo-dev \
    jpeg-dev \
    pango-dev

WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./
COPY prisma ./prisma/

# Install dependencies (production only)
RUN npm ci --only=production

# Copy source
COPY . .

# Generate Prisma Client
RUN npx prisma generate

# Build TypeScript
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS production

WORKDIR /app

# Copy from builder
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/prisma ./prisma
COPY --from=builder /app/package*.json ./

# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && \
    adduser -S nodejs -u 1001

USER nodejs

EXPOSE 3002

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD node -e "require('http').get('http://localhost:3002/api/health', (r) => { process.exit(r.statusCode === 200 ? 0 : 1); });"

CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]

Frontend Dockerfile (Development)

# quikadmin-web/Dockerfile.dev
FROM oven/bun:1 AS base

WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package.json bun.lock ./

# Install dependencies
RUN bun install

# Copy source
COPY . .

EXPOSE 8080

# Development server with hot reload
CMD ["bun", "run", "dev", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

Frontend Dockerfile (Production)

# quikadmin-web/Dockerfile.prod
FROM oven/bun:1 AS builder

WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package.json bun.lock ./

# Install dependencies
RUN bun install

# Copy source
COPY . .

# Build production bundle
RUN bun run build

# Production stage with nginx
FROM nginx:alpine AS production

# Copy nginx config
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

# Copy built files
COPY --from=builder /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html

EXPOSE 80

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s \
  CMD wget --quiet --tries=1 --spider http://localhost/ || exit 1

CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

Testing Dockerfile

# quikadmin/Dockerfile.test
FROM node:18-alpine

WORKDIR /app

# Install dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    python3 \
    make \
    g++

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./
COPY prisma ./prisma/

# Install all dependencies (including devDependencies)
RUN npm ci

# Copy source
COPY . .

# Generate Prisma Client
RUN npx prisma generate

# Run tests
CMD ["npm", "run", "test:ci"]

Docker Compose

IntelliFill uses Docker Compose for local development and E2E testing.

Development Compose

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    container_name: intellifill-postgres
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
      POSTGRES_DB: intellifill
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: intellifill-redis
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  backend:
    build:
      context: ./quikadmin
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    container_name: intellifill-backend
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: development
      PORT: 3002
      DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@postgres:5432/intellifill
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
    ports:
      - "3002:3002"
    volumes:
      - ./quikadmin:/app
      - /app/node_modules
      - backend_uploads:/app/uploads
    depends_on:
      postgres:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    command: sh -c "npx prisma migrate deploy && npm run dev"

  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./quikadmin-web
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    container_name: intellifill-frontend
    environment:
      VITE_API_URL: http://localhost:3002/api
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - ./quikadmin-web:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    depends_on:
      - backend

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:
  backend_uploads:

E2E Testing Compose

# docker-compose.e2e.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  postgres-test:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
      POSTGRES_DB: intellifill_test
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  redis-test:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  backend-test:
    build:
      context: ./quikadmin
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: test
      PORT: 3002
      DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@postgres-test:5432/intellifill_test
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis-test:6379
    ports:
      - "3002:3002"
    depends_on:
      postgres-test:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis-test:
        condition: service_healthy
    command: sh -c "npx prisma migrate deploy && npm run dev"

  frontend-test:
    build:
      context: ./quikadmin-web
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    environment:
      VITE_API_URL: http://backend-test:3002/api
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    depends_on:
      - backend-test

  e2e-runner:
    build:
      context: ./e2e
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    environment:
      BASE_URL: http://frontend-test:8080
      API_URL: http://backend-test:3002/api
    depends_on:
      - frontend-test
      - backend-test
    command: npm run test:e2e

Production Compose (Example)

# docker-compose.prod.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
      POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB}
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    restart: unless-stopped

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    restart: unless-stopped

  backend:
    build:
      context: ./quikadmin
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: production
      PORT: 3002
      DATABASE_URL: ${DATABASE_URL}
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - redis
    restart: unless-stopped

  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./quikadmin-web
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod
    depends_on:
      - backend
    restart: unless-stopped

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      - ./nginx/ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl
    depends_on:
      - backend
      - frontend
    restart: unless-stopped

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:

GitHub Actions

IntelliFill uses GitHub Actions for CI/CD.

Test Workflow

# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: Tests

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main, develop]

jobs:
  backend-tests:
    name: Backend Tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    services:
      postgres:
        image: postgres:15-alpine
        env:
          POSTGRES_USER: postgres
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
          POSTGRES_DB: intellifill_test
        options: >-
          --health-cmd pg_isready
          --health-interval 10s
          --health-timeout 5s
          --health-retries 5
        ports:
          - 5432:5432

      redis:
        image: redis:7-alpine
        options: >-
          --health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
          --health-interval 10s
          --health-timeout 5s
          --health-retries 5
        ports:
          - 6379:6379

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '18'
          cache: 'npm'
          cache-dependency-path: quikadmin/package-lock.json

      - name: Install dependencies
        working-directory: quikadmin
        run: npm ci

      - name: Generate Prisma Client
        working-directory: quikadmin
        run: npx prisma generate

      - name: Run migrations
        working-directory: quikadmin
        env:
          DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/intellifill_test
        run: npx prisma migrate deploy

      - name: Run tests
        working-directory: quikadmin
        env:
          DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/intellifill_test
          REDIS_URL: redis://localhost:6379
        run: npm run test:coverage

      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          files: ./quikadmin/coverage/lcov.info
          flags: backend

  frontend-tests:
    name: Frontend Tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Bun
        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v1

      - name: Install dependencies
        working-directory: quikadmin-web
        run: bun install

      - name: Run tests
        working-directory: quikadmin-web
        run: bun run test:coverage

      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          files: ./quikadmin-web/coverage/lcov.info
          flags: frontend

  e2e-tests:
    name: E2E Tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Build and run E2E tests
        run: |
          docker-compose -f docker-compose.e2e.yml up --abort-on-container-exit --exit-code-from e2e-runner

      - name: Upload test results
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: e2e-results
          path: e2e/test-results/

Build and Deploy Workflow

# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: Deploy

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  build:
    name: Build and Push Docker Images
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}

      - name: Build and push backend
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: ./quikadmin
          file: ./quikadmin/Dockerfile.prod
          push: true
          tags: |
            ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}/intellifill-backend:latest
            ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}/intellifill-backend:${{ github.sha }}
          cache-from: type=gha
          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

      - name: Build and push frontend
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: ./quikadmin-web
          file: ./quikadmin-web/Dockerfile.prod
          push: true
          tags: |
            ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}/intellifill-frontend:latest
            ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}/intellifill-frontend:${{ github.sha }}
          cache-from: type=gha
          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

  deploy:
    name: Deploy to Production
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: build

    steps:
      - name: Deploy to server
        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }}
          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
          script: |
            cd /app/intellifill
            docker-compose pull
            docker-compose up -d
            docker system prune -f

Environment Management

Environment Files

# .env.example (template)
NODE_ENV=development
PORT=3002

# Database
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/intellifill
DIRECT_URL=postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/intellifill

# Redis
REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379

# Supabase
SUPABASE_URL=https://xxx.supabase.co
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=xxx
SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=xxx

# JWT
JWT_SECRET=your-secret-key

Docker Environment Variables

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  backend:
    env_file:
      - ./quikadmin/.env
    environment:
      # Override specific variables
      DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@postgres:5432/intellifill

Build Arguments

# Dockerfile with build args
FROM node:18-alpine

ARG NODE_ENV=production
ENV NODE_ENV=$NODE_ENV

ARG API_URL
ENV VITE_API_URL=$API_URL

WORKDIR /app
# ...

# docker-compose.yml with build args
services:
  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./quikadmin-web
      args:
        NODE_ENV: development
        API_URL: http://localhost:3002/api

Health Checks

Application Health Endpoint

// quikadmin/src/api/health.routes.ts
import { Router } from 'express';
import prisma from '../utils/prisma';
import redis from '../utils/redis';

const router = Router();

router.get('/health', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    // Check database
    await prisma.$queryRaw`SELECT 1`;

    // Check Redis
    await redis.ping();

    res.status(200).json({
      status: 'healthy',
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      services: {
        database: 'up',
        redis: 'up',
      },
    });
  } catch (error) {
    res.status(503).json({
      status: 'unhealthy',
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      error: error.message,
    });
  }
});

export default router;

Docker Health Checks

# Dockerfile with health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
  CMD node -e "require('http').get('http://localhost:3002/api/health', (r) => { process.exit(r.statusCode === 200 ? 0 : 1); });"

# docker-compose.yml with health checks
services:
  backend:
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3002/api/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 40s

Deployment Strategies

Zero-Downtime Deployment

#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh

# Pull latest images
docker-compose pull

# Start new containers
docker-compose up -d --no-deps --scale backend=2 backend

# Wait for health check
sleep 10

# Stop old containers
docker-compose up -d --no-deps --scale backend=1 backend

# Clean up
docker system prune -f

Blue-Green Deployment

# docker-compose.blue-green.yml
services:
  backend-blue:
    # Current production
  backend-green:
    # New version
  nginx:
    # Switch between blue/green

Rolling Updates

# Update one container at a time
for service in backend-1 backend-2 backend-3; do
  docker-compose up -d $service
  sleep 30  # Wait for health check
done

Best Practices

1. Multi-stage builds - Separate build and production stages
2. Layer caching - Order Dockerfile commands for optimal caching
3. Non-root user - Run containers as non-root
4. Health checks - Implement health checks for all services
5. Resource limits - Set memory and CPU limits
6. Secrets management - Use Docker secrets or external secret managers
7. Volume mounts - Use named volumes for persistence
8. Network isolation - Use custom networks
9. Graceful shutdown - Handle SIGTERM signals
10. Logging - Configure proper log drivers

References

• Docker Documentation
• Docker Compose Documentation
• GitHub Actions Documentation
• Dockerfile Best Practices