FastMCP Patterns

Server Setup with Lifespan

from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(server: FastMCP):
    """Initialize resources on startup, cleanup on shutdown."""
    driver = create_neo4j_driver(config)
    driver.verify_connectivity()

    try:
        yield {"driver": driver, "config": config}
    finally:
        driver.close()

mcp = FastMCP(
    "requirements-graphrag-mcp",
    lifespan=lifespan,
)

Tool Registration

Basic Tool with Pydantic Validation

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

class SearchInput(BaseModel):
    query: str = Field(..., description="Search query text")
    limit: int = Field(default=10, ge=1, le=100, description="Max results")

@mcp.tool()
async def semantic_search(input: SearchInput) -> list[dict]:
    """Search articles using semantic similarity."""
    driver = mcp.state["driver"]
    return await execute_vector_search(driver, input.query, input.limit)

Tool with Annotations

from mcp.server.fastmcp import Context

@mcp.tool(
    annotations={
        "readOnlyHint": True,
        "openWorldHint": False,
    }
)
async def get_schema(ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Get database schema. Read-only operation."""
    driver = ctx.state["driver"]
    return await fetch_schema(driver)

Resource Registration

@mcp.resource("schema://database")
async def database_schema() -> str:
    """Expose database schema as a resource."""
    driver = mcp.state["driver"]
    schema = await fetch_schema(driver)
    return json.dumps(schema, indent=2)

Error Handling Pattern

from requirements_graphrag_api.exceptions import (
    Neo4jConnectionError,
    QueryExecutionError,
)

@mcp.tool()
async def execute_cypher(query: str) -> dict:
    """Execute a Cypher query."""
    try:
        driver = mcp.state["driver"]
        return await run_query(driver, query)
    except Neo4jConnectionError as e:
        return {"error": "Database connection failed", "details": str(e)}
    except QueryExecutionError as e:
        return {"error": "Query execution failed", "details": str(e)}

Configuration Pattern

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class AppConfig:
    neo4j_uri: str
    neo4j_username: str
    neo4j_password: str
    neo4j_database: str = "neo4j"
    neo4j_max_connection_pool_size: int = 5

    @classmethod
    def from_env(cls) -> "AppConfig":
        return cls(
            neo4j_uri=os.environ["NEO4J_URI"],
            neo4j_username=os.environ["NEO4J_USERNAME"],
            neo4j_password=os.environ["NEO4J_PASSWORD"],
            neo4j_database=os.environ.get("NEO4J_DATABASE", "neo4j"),
        )

Entry Point

# src/requirements_graphrag_api/__main__.py
from requirements_graphrag_api.server import mcp

def main():
    mcp.run()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

pyproject.toml Script

[project.scripts]
requirements-graphrag-api = "requirements_graphrag_api.__main__:main"