Full-stack-skills spring-boot
Provides comprehensive guidance for Spring Boot development including project creation, auto-configuration, dependency injection, web development, data access, security, testing, and deployment. Use when the user asks about Spring Boot, needs to create Spring Boot applications, configure Spring Boot, or implement Spring Boot features.
install
source · Clone the upstream repo
git clone https://github.com/partme-ai/full-stack-skills
Claude Code · Install into ~/.claude/skills/
T=$(mktemp -d) && git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/partme-ai/full-stack-skills "$T" && mkdir -p ~/.claude/skills && cp -r "$T/skills/spring-skills/spring-boot" ~/.claude/skills/partme-ai-full-stack-skills-spring-boot && rm -rf "$T"
manifest:
skills/spring-skills/spring-boot/SKILL.mdtags
source content
Spring Boot 开发指南
概述
Spring Boot 是一个基于 Spring 框架的快速开发框架,提供了自动配置、起步依赖等特性,简化了 Spring 应用的开发。
核心特性
1. 项目创建
使用 Spring Initializr:
访问 https://start.spring.io/ 或使用 IDE 插件创建项目。
使用 CLI:
# 安装 Spring Boot CLI brew install spring-boot # 创建项目 spring init --dependencies=web,data-jpa,postgresql my-project
Maven 项目结构:
my-project/ ├── src/ │ ├── main/ │ │ ├── java/ │ │ │ └── com/example/ │ │ │ └── MyApplication.java │ │ └── resources/ │ │ ├── application.properties │ │ └── application.yml │ └── test/ ├── pom.xml └── README.md
2. 自动配置
Spring Boot 通过自动配置简化了配置工作。
application.yml:
spring: application: name: my-app datasource: url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydb username: postgres password: password driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true server: port: 8080
application.properties:
spring.application.name=my-app spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydb spring.datasource.username=postgres spring.datasource.password=password spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.postgresql.Driver spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update spring.jpa.show-sql=true server.port=8080
3. 依赖注入
使用 @Component:
@Component public class UserService { public String getUserName(Long id) { return "User " + id; } }
使用 @Service:
@Service public class UserService { private final UserRepository userRepository; public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) { this.userRepository = userRepository; } public User findById(Long id) { return userRepository.findById(id) .orElseThrow(() -> new UserNotFoundException(id)); } }
使用 @Repository:
@Repository public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { Optional<User> findByEmail(String email); List<User> findByNameContaining(String name); }
4. Web 开发
REST Controller:
@RestController @RequestMapping("/api/users") public class UserController { private final UserService userService; public UserController(UserService userService) { this.userService = userService; } @GetMapping public List<User> getAllUsers() { return userService.findAll(); } @GetMapping("/{id}") public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) { return userService.findById(id); } @PostMapping public User createUser(@RequestBody User user) { return userService.save(user); } @PutMapping("/{id}") public User updateUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) { return userService.update(id, user); } @DeleteMapping("/{id}") public void deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) { userService.delete(id); } }
异常处理:
@ControllerAdvice public class GlobalExceptionHandler { @ExceptionHandler(UserNotFoundException.class) public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleUserNotFound(UserNotFoundException ex) { ErrorResponse error = new ErrorResponse( HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value(), ex.getMessage() ); return new ResponseEntity<>(error, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND); } }
5. 数据访问
JPA Entity:
@Entity @Table(name = "users") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Long id; @Column(nullable = false) private String name; @Column(unique = true, nullable = false) private String email; // Getters and Setters }
Repository:
@Repository public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { Optional<User> findByEmail(String email); List<User> findByNameContaining(String name); @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.email = :email") Optional<User> findByEmailCustom(@Param("email") String email); }
Service:
@Service @Transactional public class UserService { private final UserRepository userRepository; public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) { this.userRepository = userRepository; } public User save(User user) { return userRepository.save(user); } public Optional<User> findById(Long id) { return userRepository.findById(id); } public List<User> findAll() { return userRepository.findAll(); } public void delete(Long id) { userRepository.deleteById(id); } }
6. 配置管理
@ConfigurationProperties:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app") @Data public class AppProperties { private String name; private String version; private Database database; @Data public static class Database { private String host; private int port; private String name; } }
使用配置:
app: name: my-app version: 1.0.0 database: host: localhost port: 5432 name: mydb
7. 安全(Spring Security)
依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency>
配置:
@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig { @Bean public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth .requestMatchers("/api/public/**").permitAll() .anyRequest().authenticated() ) .httpBasic(); return http.build(); } }
8. 测试
单元测试:
@SpringBootTest class UserServiceTest { @Autowired private UserService userService; @Test void testFindById() { User user = userService.findById(1L) .orElseThrow(); assertNotNull(user); } }
集成测试:
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @AutoConfigureMockMvc class UserControllerTest { @Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc; @Test void testGetUser() throws Exception { mockMvc.perform(get("/api/users/1")) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("John")); } }
最佳实践
1. 项目结构
com.example.myapp/ ├── controller/ # 控制器 ├── service/ # 服务层 ├── repository/ # 数据访问层 ├── entity/ # 实体类 ├── dto/ # 数据传输对象 ├── config/ # 配置类 └── exception/ # 异常类
2. 依赖注入
- 优先使用构造函数注入
- 避免使用
字段注入@Autowired - 使用
(Lombok)@RequiredArgsConstructor
3. 异常处理
- 使用
全局异常处理@ControllerAdvice - 定义自定义异常类
- 返回统一的错误响应格式
4. 配置管理
- 使用
而非application.ymlapplication.properties - 区分开发、测试、生产环境配置
- 使用
绑定配置@ConfigurationProperties
常用依赖
<!-- Web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- JPA --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- PostgreSQL --> <dependency> <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId> <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Lombok --> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency>
示例 Prompt
- "使用 Spring Boot 创建一个 REST API 项目"
- "如何在 Spring Boot 中使用 JPA 进行数据访问?"
- "Spring Boot 中如何配置数据库连接?"
- "如何在 Spring Boot 中实现全局异常处理?"
- "Spring Boot 中如何使用 Spring Security?"