配反代

以 Nginx、Traefik 或 ShinyProxy 設反代路流至後端。

用

• 多服於單入點後
• 代 WebSocket 連（Shiny、Socket.IO、live reload）
• 以 Traefik 標自發 Docker 服
• 依路徑或主機路至異後
• 無 TLS 本能之服加 SSL 終

入

• 必：所代後端（host:port）
• 必：路策（路徑、主機、俱）
• 可：代具好（Nginx、Traefik）
• 可：主機路之域名
• 可：所代 WebSocket 端

行

一：擇代具

Feature	Nginx	Traefik
Configuration	Static files	Docker labels / dynamic
Auto-discovery	No (manual)	Yes (Docker provider)
Let's Encrypt	Via certbot	Built-in ACME
Dashboard	No (3rd party)	Built-in
WebSocket	Manual config	Automatic
Best for	Static config, high traffic	Dynamic Docker environments

二：Nginx——路徑路

server {
    listen 80;

    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://api:8000/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    location /app/ {
        proxy_pass http://webapp:3000/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    location / {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }
}

注：

proxy_pass

尾

/

削 location 前綴。

proxy_pass http://api:8000/;

配

location /api/

將

/api/users

轉為

/users

。

三：Nginx——主機路

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://api:8000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name app.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://webapp:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

四：Nginx——WebSocket 代

WebSocket 須升級頭。Shiny、Socket.IO、live reload 必：

location /ws/ {
    proxy_pass http://app:3000;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_read_timeout 86400;
}

Shiny 專用：

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
    default upgrade;
    ''      close;
}

server {
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://shiny:3838;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_read_timeout 86400;
        proxy_buffering off;
    }
}

得： WebSocket 連建且持。

敗： 察

proxy_http_version 1.1

已設。驗

Upgrade

與

Connection

頭。

五：Traefik——Docker 標自發

docker-compose.yml

：

services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v3.2
    command:
      - "--providers.docker=true"
      - "--providers.docker.exposedbydefault=false"
      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"
      - "--entrypoints.websecure.address=:443"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.email=admin@example.com"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.storage=/letsencrypt/acme.json"
      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.httpchallenge.entrypoint=web"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - letsencrypt:/letsencrypt

  api:
    image: myapi:latest
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.rule=Host(`api.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.api.loadbalancer.server.port=8000"

  webapp:
    image: myapp:latest
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.rule=Host(`app.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.entrypoints=websecure"
      - "traefik.http.routers.webapp.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.webapp.loadbalancer.server.port=3000"

volumes:
  letsencrypt:

得： Traefik 經標自發服、備 SSL 證。

六：Traefik——含標之路徑路

services:
  api:
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.rule=Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.api.middlewares=strip-api"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.strip-api.stripprefix.prefixes=/api"
      - "traefik.http.services.api.loadbalancer.server.port=8000"

七：Traefik——限率與頭

labels:
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.ratelimit.ratelimit.average=100"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.ratelimit.ratelimit.burst=50"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.stsSeconds=63072000"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.contentTypeNosniff=true"
  - "traefik.http.middlewares.security.headers.frameDeny=true"
  - "traefik.http.routers.app.middlewares=ratelimit,security"

八：驗代配

# Nginx: test config
docker compose exec nginx nginx -t

# Check routing
curl -H "Host: api.example.com" http://localhost/health

# Check WebSocket (needs wscat: npm install -g wscat)
wscat -c ws://localhost/ws/

# Traefik dashboard (if enabled)
# http://localhost:8080/dashboard/

得： 求路至正後端。WebSocket 升成。

驗

• HTTP 求依路徑或主機路至正後端
• WebSocket 連建且持
• SSL 終行（若配）
• 後端收正

  Host

  、

  X-Real-IP

  、

  X-Forwarded-For

  頭
• Traefik 經標自發新服（若用）
• 配於

  docker compose restart

  後留

忌

• 尾斜線不合：

  proxy_pass http://app/

  vs

  http://app

  於 Nginx 路徑削行異。
• WebSocket 超時：默

  proxy_read_timeout

  60s。長連 WebSocket 須

  86400

  （24h）。
• Docker socket 安：於 Traefik 掛

  /var/run/docker.sock

  予其全 Docker 取。用

  ro

  掛且慮 socket 代。
• DNS 解：Nginx 啟時解上游。動服→用

  resolver 127.0.0.11

  以 Docker 內 DNS。
• 缺

  proxy_buffering off

  ：Shiny 與 SSE 端須

  proxy_buffering off

  以即時流。

參

• configure-nginx

  - Nginx 詳配含 SSL 與安頭

• deploy-shinyproxy

  - 容器 Shiny 應託 ShinyProxy

• setup-compose-stack

  - 用反代之 compose 堆

• configure-api-gateway

  - Kong 與 Traefik API 閘模