YB Translator

Translate programming/CS concepts to biological parallels. Must use real ontology IDs from EBI OLS.

Required Output Format

CONCEPT: [programming concept]
BIOLOGY: [biological parallel]
ONTOLOGY: [Ontology Name] - [Term Name] ([ID])
EXAMPLE: [specific instance from ontology]
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/[ont]/classes/[encoded-iri]

Ontologies to Use

Ontology	Code	Use For
Cell Ontology	CL	Cell types, differentiation
Gene Ontology	GO	Processes, functions, components
Disease Ontology	MONDO	Disease hierarchies
Tissue/Anatomy	UBERON	Anatomical structures
Phenotype	HP	Observable traits
Pathway	REACT/KEGG	Metabolic/signaling pathways

Bionty Integration

For programmatic access to biological ontologies, use Bionty:

import bionty as bt

# Lookup GO terms
go = bt.Gene()
go.lookup("RNA polymerase")

# Cell ontology
cl = bt.CellType()
cl.search("T cell")

Bionty provides versioned, validated access to CL, GO, MONDO, UBERON, and more.

Fetch Live Data

bb ~/.claude/skills/yb-translator/scripts/fetch_ontology.clj verify <ID>

Example:

bb ~/.claude/skills/yb-translator/scripts/fetch_ontology.clj verify CL:0000084

Translation Examples

Immutability

CONCEPT: Immutable data structures
BIOLOGY: DNA template strand
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - DNA replication (GO:0006260)
EXAMPLE: Template strand unchanged during replication; new strand synthesized
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0006260

Inheritance/Subtyping

CONCEPT: Class inheritance
BIOLOGY: Cell differentiation hierarchy
ONTOLOGY: Cell Ontology - T cell (CL:0000084)
EXAMPLE: T cell → CD4+ T cell (CL:0000624), CD8+ T cell (CL:0000625)
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/cl/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FCL_0000084

Interface/Protocol

CONCEPT: Interface contract
BIOLOGY: Enzyme classification by function
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - kinase activity (GO:0016301)
EXAMPLE: All kinases transfer phosphate; different substrates
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0016301

Garbage Collection

CONCEPT: Automatic memory management
BIOLOGY: Autophagy
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - autophagy (GO:0006914)
EXAMPLE: Lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0006914

Static Type Checking

CONCEPT: Compile-time type verification
BIOLOGY: Receptor-ligand specificity
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - receptor binding (GO:0005102)
EXAMPLE: Insulin receptor (INSR) only binds insulin; shape verified before signal
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0005102

Recursion

CONCEPT: Self-referential function
BIOLOGY: Fractal branching morphogenesis
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - branching morphogenesis (GO:0001763)
EXAMPLE: Lung bronchi: branch → branches → branches (same pattern each level)
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0001763

Concurrency

CONCEPT: Parallel execution
BIOLOGY: Parallel metabolic pathways
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - metabolic process (GO:0008152)
EXAMPLE: Glycolysis and beta-oxidation run simultaneously in cytoplasm/mitochondria
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0008152

Preconditions (Dafny requires)

CONCEPT: Function precondition
BIOLOGY: Enzyme substrate specificity
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - substrate-specific channel activity (GO:0022838)
EXAMPLE: Lactase only accepts lactose; wrong substrate = no reaction
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0022838

Postconditions (Dafny ensures)

CONCEPT: Function postcondition
BIOLOGY: Enzyme product guarantee
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - catalytic activity (GO:0003824)
EXAMPLE: Lactase guarantees galactose + glucose output from lactose input
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0003824

Formal Verification (Dafny)

CONCEPT: Compile-time proof of correctness
BIOLOGY: Immune checkpoint verification
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - T cell activation (GO:0042110)
EXAMPLE: T cell requires MHC presentation + costimulation; verified before response
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0042110

REPL (Clojure)

CONCEPT: Interactive evaluation loop
BIOLOGY: Adaptive immune response
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - adaptive immune response (GO:0002250)
EXAMPLE: Encounter antigen → test response → remember successful patterns
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0002250

Homoiconicity (Clojure)

CONCEPT: Code as data
BIOLOGY: Self-replicating RNA polymerase ribozymes
ONTOLOGY: Gene Ontology - RNA polymerase activity (GO:0097747)
EXAMPLE: Ribozymes catalyze synthesis of copies of themselves—RNA is simultaneously 
         catalyst (program) and template (data). E.g., R3C ligase (Joyce 2002).
SOURCE: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/go/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGO_0097747

Rules

1. Always include ontology ID (e.g., CL:0000084, GO:0006914)
2. Always include SOURCE URL to EBI OLS
3. Use real terms - verify they exist at ebi.ac.uk/ols4
4. One parallel per concept - no tables, no frills
5. Run fetch script when uncertain about term existence

Related Skills

• biopython

  (⊕): Programmatic access to biological data; yb-translator provides the ontological frame, biopython provides the runtime

• alife

  (○): Artificial life / origin of life parallels — overlaps on the code↔biology boundary but alife generates, yb-translator classifies

• assembly-index

  (⊖): Cronin's molecular complexity metrics; complementary measure to ontological depth

These three are the only skills with direct biological ontology dependencies. Most skills in the repo have no biological structure — that's correct.

SDF Interleaving

This skill connects to Software Design for Flexibility (Hanson & Sussman, 2021):

Primary Chapter: 4. Pattern Matching

Concepts: unification, match, segment variables, pattern

GF(3) Balanced Triad

yb-translator (⊕) + SDF.Ch4 (○) + assembly-index (⊖) = 0

Skill Trit: +1 (PLUS - generation)

yb-translator generates translations (⊕). SDF Ch4 pattern matching provides the structural recognition (○). assembly-index measures complexity of the result (⊖). The triad balances because generating a translation, recognizing its structure, and measuring its complexity are three independent operations that compose to a closed loop.

Secondary Chapters

• Ch3: Variations on an Arithmetic Theme (combinators for building translators)
• Ch7: Propagators (bidirectional constraint flow between CS and biology domains)

Connection Pattern

Pattern matching unifies a programming concept with a biological term by structural match on the mechanism — not by keyword. The translator IS a pattern matcher: input a CS concept, output the ontology term whose mechanism matches. When the match is analogical rather than direct, the pattern matcher should say so.

Verification

# Self-verify translations (L0: syntactic + parallel strength)
bb scripts/random_walk_verifier.clj verify

# Inventory all ontology IDs across SKILL.md and examples
bb scripts/random_walk_verifier.clj ids

# Analyze which skills in the repo have actual biological structure
bb scripts/analyze_all_skills.clj

# Check a specific ontology ID against live EBI OLS
bb scripts/fetch_ontology.clj verify CL:0000084

What was rebuilt

The previous

analyze_all_skills.clj

regex-matched any description into a category theory concept (99% positive rate). The previous

random_walk_verifier.clj

"verified" those via more regex on the same content. Both were removed.

The new versions:

• analyze_all_skills.clj

  — checks for EXPLICIT typed hierarchies or dual ontological contexts. Most skills get

  :none

  . If >20% are classified as having structure, the criteria are too loose.

• random_walk_verifier.clj

  — verifies yb-translator's OWN translations, not other skills. Checks ontology ID format (L0), flags parallel strength as

  :direct

  ,

  :analogical

  , or

  :metaphorical

  . L1 (live EBI check) delegated to

  fetch_ontology.clj

  .

• skill_taxonomy.edn

  — lists the 12 translations with honest parallel strength ratings. 6 direct, 6 analogical, 0 metaphorical.