TanStack (Query + Router + Start)

Type-safe libraries for React applications. Query manages server state (fetching, caching, mutations). Router provides file-based routing with validated search params and data loaders. Start extends Router with SSR, server functions, and middleware for full-stack apps.

When to Use

Query - data fetching, caching, mutations, optimistic updates, infinite scroll, streaming AI/SSE responses, tRPC v11 integration Router - file-based routing, type-safe navigation, validated search params, route loaders, code splitting, preloading Start - SSR/SSG, server functions (type-safe RPCs), middleware, API routes, deployment to Cloudflare/Vercel/Node

Decision tree:

• Client-only SPA with API calls -> Router + Query
• Full-stack with SSR/server functions -> Start + Query (Start includes Router)

TanStack Query v5

Setup

import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query'

const queryClient = new QueryClient({
  defaultOptions: {
    queries: {
      staleTime: 1000 * 60 * 5, // 5 minutes
    },
  },
})

function App() {
  return (
    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
      <YourApp />
    </QueryClientProvider>
  )
}

Queries

import { useQuery, queryOptions } from '@tanstack/react-query'

// Reusable query definition (recommended pattern)
const todosQueryOptions = queryOptions({
  queryKey: ['todos'],
  queryFn: async () => {
    const res = await fetch('/api/todos')
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error('Failed to fetch')
    return res.json() as Promise<Todo[]>
  },
})

// In component - full type inference from queryOptions
function TodoList() {
  const { data, isLoading, error } = useQuery(todosQueryOptions)
  if (isLoading) return <Spinner />
  if (error) return <div>Error: {error.message}</div>
  return <ul>{data.map(t => <li key={t.id}>{t.title}</li>)}</ul>
}

Mutations

import { useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'

function CreateTodo() {
  const queryClient = useQueryClient()
  const mutation = useMutation({
    mutationFn: (newTodo: { title: string }) =>
      fetch('/api/todos', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(newTodo) }).then(r => r.json()),
    onSuccess: () => {
      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['todos'] })
    },
  })

  return (
    <button onClick={() => mutation.mutate({ title: 'New' })}>
      {mutation.isPending ? 'Creating...' : 'Create'}
    </button>
  )
}

Key Patterns

Query keys - hierarchical arrays for cache management:

['todos']                          // all todos
['todos', 'list', { page, sort }]  // filtered list
['todo', todoId]                   // single item

Dependent queries - chain with

enabled

const { data: user } = useQuery({ queryKey: ['user', id], queryFn: () => fetchUser(id) })
const { data: projects } = useQuery({
  queryKey: ['projects', user?.id],
  queryFn: () => fetchProjects(user!.id),
  enabled: !!user?.id,
})

Important defaults: staleTime: 0, gcTime: 5min, retry: 3, refetchOnWindowFocus: true

Suspense - use

useSuspenseQuery

<Suspense>

Streamed queries (experimental) - for AI chat/SSE:

import { experimental_streamedQuery as streamedQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'

const { data: chunks } = useQuery(queryOptions({
  queryKey: ['chat', sessionId],
  queryFn: streamedQuery({ streamFn: () => fetchChatStream(sessionId), refetchMode: 'reset' }),
}))

DevTools

pnpm add @tanstack/react-query-devtools

import { ReactQueryDevtools } from '@tanstack/react-query-devtools'
// Add inside QueryClientProvider
<ReactQueryDevtools initialIsOpen={false} />

Query Deep Dives

• query-guide.md

  - Complete Query reference with all patterns

• infinite-queries.md

  - useInfiniteQuery, pagination, virtual scroll

• optimistic-updates.md

  - Optimistic UI, rollback, undo

• query-performance.md

  - staleTime tuning, deduplication, prefetching

• query-invalidation.md

  - Cache invalidation strategies, filters, predicates

• query-typescript.md

  - Type inference, generics, custom hooks

TanStack Router v1

Setup (Vite)

pnpm add @tanstack/react-router @tanstack/router-plugin

// vite.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'
import { tanstackRouter } from '@tanstack/router-plugin/vite'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    tanstackRouter({ autoCodeSplitting: true }),
    react(),
  ],
})

// src/router.ts
import { createRouter } from '@tanstack/react-router'
import { routeTree } from './routeTree.gen'

export const router = createRouter({ routeTree, defaultPreload: 'intent' })

declare module '@tanstack/react-router' {
  interface Register { router: typeof router }
}

File-Based Routing

Files in

src/routes/

__root.tsx

src/routes/__root.tsx

index.tsx

src/routes/index.tsx

/

$param

posts.$postId.tsx

/posts/:id

_prefix

_layout.tsx

(folder)

(auth)/login.tsx

/login

Type-Safe Navigation

<Link to="/posts/$postId" params={{ postId: '123' }}>View Post</Link>

// Active styling
<Link to="/posts" activeProps={{ className: 'font-bold' }}>Posts</Link>

// Imperative
const navigate = useNavigate({ from: '/posts' })
navigate({ to: '/posts/$postId', params: { postId: post.id } })

Always provide

from

Search Params

import { zodValidator, fallback } from '@tanstack/zod-adapter'
import { z } from 'zod'

const searchSchema = z.object({
  page: fallback(z.number(), 1).default(1),
  sort: fallback(z.enum(['newest', 'oldest']), 'newest').default('newest'),
})

export const Route = createFileRoute('/products')({
  validateSearch: zodValidator(searchSchema),
  component: () => {
    const { page, sort } = Route.useSearch()
    // Writing
    return <Link from={Route.fullPath} search={prev => ({ ...prev, page: prev.page + 1 })}>Next</Link>
  },
})

Use

fallback(...).default(...)

.catch()

Data Loading

export const Route = createFileRoute('/posts')({
  // loaderDeps: only extract what loader needs (not full search)
  loaderDeps: ({ search: { page } }) => ({ page }),
  loader: ({ deps: { page } }) => fetchPosts({ page }),
  pendingComponent: () => <Spinner />,
  component: () => {
    const posts = Route.useLoaderData()
    return <PostList posts={posts} />
  },
})

Route Context (Dependency Injection)

// __root.tsx
interface RouterContext { queryClient: QueryClient }
export const Route = createRootRouteWithContext<RouterContext>()({ component: Root })

// router.ts
const router = createRouter({ routeTree, context: { queryClient } })

// Child route - queryClient available in loader
export const Route = createFileRoute('/posts')({
  loader: ({ context: { queryClient } }) =>
    queryClient.ensureQueryData(postsQueryOptions()),
})

Router Deep Dives

• router-guide.md

  - Complete Router reference with all patterns

• search-params.md

  - Custom serialization, Standard Schema, sharing params

• data-loading.md

  - Deferred loading, streaming SSR, shouldReload

• routing-patterns.md

  - Virtual routes, route masking, navigation blocking

• code-splitting.md

  - Automatic/manual splitting strategies

• router-ssr.md

  - SSR setup, streaming, hydration

TanStack Start (RC)

Full-stack framework extending Router with SSR, server functions, middleware. API stable, feature-complete. No RSC yet.

Setup

pnpm create @tanstack/start@latest

// vite.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import { tanstackStart } from '@tanstack/react-start/plugin/vite'
import viteReact from '@vitejs/plugin-react'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    tanstackStart(),
    viteReact(), // MUST come after tanstackStart()
  ],
})

Server Functions

Type-safe RPCs. Server code extracted from client bundles at build time.

import { createServerFn } from '@tanstack/react-start'
import { z } from 'zod'

// GET - no input
export const getUsers = createServerFn({ method: 'GET' })
  .handler(async () => db.users.findMany())

// POST - validated input
export const createUser = createServerFn({ method: 'POST' })
  .inputValidator(z.object({ name: z.string(), email: z.string().email() }))
  .handler(async ({ data }) => db.users.create(data))

// Call from loader
export const Route = createFileRoute('/users')({
  loader: () => getUsers(),
  component: () => {
    const users = Route.useLoaderData()
    return <UserList users={users} />
  },
})

Critical: Loaders are isomorphic (run on server AND client). Never put secrets in loaders - use

createServerFn()

Middleware

import { createMiddleware } from '@tanstack/react-start'

const authMiddleware = createMiddleware({ type: 'function' })
  .server(async ({ next }) => {
    const user = await getCurrentUser()
    if (!user) throw redirect({ to: '/login' })
    return next({ context: { user } })
  })

const getProfile = createServerFn()
  .middleware([authMiddleware])
  .handler(async ({ context }) => context.user) // typed

Global middleware via

src/start.ts

export const startInstance = createStart(() => ({
  requestMiddleware: [logger],    // all requests
  functionMiddleware: [auth],     // all server functions
}))

SSR Modes

true

false

'data-only'

SPA mode:

tanstackStart({ spa: { enabled: true } })

Deployment

• Cloudflare Workers:

  @cloudflare/vite-plugin

  (official partner)
• Netlify:

  @netlify/vite-plugin-tanstack-start

• Node/Vercel/Bun/Docker: via Nitro
• Static:

  tanstackStart({ prerender: { enabled: true, crawlLinks: true } })

Start Deep Dives

• start-guide.md

  - Complete Start reference with all patterns

• server-functions.md

  - Streaming, FormData, progressive enhancement

• middleware.md

  - sendContext, custom fetch, global config

• ssr-modes.md

  - Selective SSR, shellComponent, fallback rendering

• server-routes.md

  - Dynamic params, wildcards, pathless layouts

Best Practices

1. Use

   queryOptions()

   factory for reusable, type-safe query definitions
2. Structure query keys hierarchically -

   ['entity', 'action', { filters }]

3. Set staleTime per data type - static:

   Infinity

   , dynamic:

   0

   , moderate:

   5min

4. Always validate search params with Zod via

   zodValidator

   +

   fallback().default()

5. Provide

   from

   on navigation - narrows types, catches route mismatches
6. Use route context for DI - pass QueryClient, auth via

   createRootRouteWithContext

7. Set

   defaultPreload: 'intent'

   globally for perceived performance
8. Never put secrets in loaders - use

   createServerFn()

   for server-only code
9. Compose middleware hierarchically - global -> route -> function
10. Use

    head()

    on every content route for SEO (title, description, OG tags)

Resources

• Query Docs: https://tanstack.com/query/latest/docs/framework/react/overview
• Router Docs: https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/overview
• Start Docs: https://tanstack.com/start/latest/docs/framework/react/overview
• GitHub: https://github.com/TanStack/query | https://github.com/TanStack/router
• Discord: https://discord.gg/tanstack