I18n Patterns for Rails 8

Overview

Rails I18n provides internationalization support:

• Translation lookups
• Locale management
• Date/time/currency formatting
• Pluralization rules
• Lazy lookups in views

Quick Start

# config/application.rb
config.i18n.default_locale = :en
config.i18n.available_locales = [:en, :fr, :de]
config.i18n.fallbacks = true

Project Structure

config/locales/
├── en.yml                    # English defaults
├── fr.yml                    # French defaults
├── models/
│   ├── en.yml               # Model translations (EN)
│   └── fr.yml               # Model translations (FR)
├── views/
│   ├── en.yml               # View translations (EN)
│   └── fr.yml               # View translations (FR)
├── mailers/
│   ├── en.yml               # Mailer translations (EN)
│   └── fr.yml               # Mailer translations (FR)
└── components/
    ├── en.yml               # Component translations (EN)
    └── fr.yml               # Component translations (FR)

Locale File Organization

Organize locale files by domain:

models/

,

views/

,

mailers/

,

components/

.

• Models:

  activerecord.models

  ,

  activerecord.attributes

  ,

  activerecord.errors

• Views: nested under controller name and action (e.g.

  events.index.title

  )
• Shared:

  common.actions

  ,

  common.messages

  ,

  common.date.formats

• Components:

  components.<component_name>.<key>

See locale-files.md for complete YAML examples for models, views, shared keys, and components.

Usage Patterns

Key Principles

• Use lazy lookup in views:

  t(".title")

  resolves to

  "events.index.title"

• Use

  _html

  suffix for strings containing HTML markup
• Use

  I18n.l

  (localize) for dates, times, and numbers — not

  I18n.t

• Use

  I18n.t

  with full key path in models, services, and presenters
• Pass dynamic values via interpolation:

  t(".greeting", name: user.name)

In Views

<h1><%= t(".title") %></h1>
<%= link_to t(".new_event"), new_event_path %>
<p><%= t(".welcome", name: current_user.name) %></p>
<p><%= t(".intro_html", link: link_to("here", help_path)) %></p>

In Controllers

redirect_to @event, notice: t(".success")

In Models/Presenters

I18n.t("activerecord.attributes.event/statuses.#{status}")
I18n.l(event_date, format: :long)

See usage-patterns.md for full examples including presenters, components, date/currency formatting, and pluralization.

Locale Switching

URL-Based Locale

# config/routes.rb
Rails.application.routes.draw do
  scope "(:locale)", locale: /en|fr|de/ do
    resources :events
  end
end

# app/controllers/application_controller.rb
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  around_action :switch_locale

  private

  def switch_locale(&action)
    locale = params[:locale] || I18n.default_locale
    I18n.with_locale(locale, &action)
  end

  def default_url_options
    { locale: I18n.locale }
  end
end

User Preference Locale

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  around_action :switch_locale

  private

  def switch_locale(&action)
    locale = current_user&.locale || extract_locale_from_header || I18n.default_locale
    I18n.with_locale(locale, &action)
  end

  def extract_locale_from_header
    request.env['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']&.scan(/^[a-z]{2}/)&.first
  end
end

Testing I18n

• Raise on missing translations in

  spec/rails_helper.rb

• Use

  i18n-tasks

  gem to detect missing and unused keys
• Write view translation specs to assert rendered content

See testing.md for complete spec examples and i18n-tasks configuration.

Best Practices

DO

# Use nested structure matching view paths
en:
  events:
    index:
      title: Events
    show:
      title: Event Details

# Use interpolation for dynamic content
en:
  greeting: "Hello, %{name}!"

# Use _html suffix for HTML content
en:
  intro_html: "Welcome to <strong>our app</strong>"

DON'T

# Don't use flat keys
en:
  events_index_title: Events  # BAD

# Don't hardcode in views
<h1>Events</h1>  # BAD - use t(".title")

# Don't concatenate translations
t("hello") + " " + t("world")  # BAD

Checklist

• Locale files organized by domain (models, views, etc.)
• All user-facing text uses I18n
• Lazy lookups in views (t(".key"))
• Pluralization for countable items
• Date/currency formatting localized
• Locale switching implemented
• i18n-tasks configured
• Missing translation detection in tests
• Fallbacks configured

References

• locale-files.md — YAML locale file examples for models, views, shared keys, and components
• usage-patterns.md — Usage examples in views, controllers, models, presenters, components, and formatting
• testing.md — RSpec specs and i18n-tasks for translation coverage